Overweight and obesity trends from 1974 to 2003 in English children: what is the role of socioeconomic factors?

Stamatakis, Emmanuel; Primatesta, Paola; Chinn, S. H. F.; Rona, Roberto J.; Falascheti, Emanuela

doi:10.1136/adc.2004.068932

Cited by 242 publications

(188 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…However, child BMI was not a correlate of However, this finding is consistent with other studies which have suggested that parental BMI and child BMI do not necessarily show high correlations while children are in the preschool years (e.g. Whitaker, Deeks, Baughcum & Specker, 2000), that parental BMI does not necessarily relate to child feeding practices (Faith et al, 2003), that the long term effects of breastfeeding on weight outcome may be relatively small (Owen et al, 2005) and that whilst children of lower SES have a higher risk of being overweight, this is not a problem which is limited to members of lower socioeconomic groups (Stamatakis, Primatesta, Chinn, Rona & Falascheti, 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are parenting style and controlling feeding practices related?

2008

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Citation: BLISSETT, J. and HAYCRAFT, E., 2008 This study examined the relationships between parenting styles, feeding practices and BMI in a non-clinical sample of mothers and fathers of UK preschool children. Ninety-six co-habiting parents of 48 children (19 male, 29 female, mean age 42 months), completed a series of self report questionnaires assessing parenting style, feeding practices, eating psychopathology and a range of demographic information.There were no relationships between authoritarian parenting and controlling feeding practices. Authoritative parenting was positively associated with monitoring.Permissive parenting was associated with greater use of pressurising feeding practices and fewer reports of monitoring. There were no relationships between parenting style and child BMI Z scores. The inconsistent and indulgent parenting practices evidenced by permissive parents may extrapolate into dysfunctional feeding practices.Authoritative parenting is associated with more healthful feeding practices. Parenting style may not have a direct impact on child BMI until child food selection and consumption becomes more autonomous.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are parenting style and controlling feeding practices related?

2008

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“…4 Concerningly, increases since the late 1990s appear greater among children of lower socioeconomic status. 5 Effective prevention or intervention strategies for overweight and obesity in childhood stand the best chance of avoiding associated psychosocial 6 and physical morbidity. 1 Calls have been made for general practitioners (GPs) to tackle this issue because in many countries they are the only source of primary health care accessible to families across most of the social spectrum.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Outcome data from the LEAP (Live, Eat and Play) trial: a randomized controlled trial of a primary care intervention for childhood overweight/mild obesity

et al. 2006

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Objectives: To reduce gain in body mass index (BMI) in overweight/mildly obese children in the primary care setting. Design: Randomized controlled trial (RCT) nested within a baseline cross-sectional BMI survey. Setting: Twenty nine general practices, Melbourne, Australia. Participants: (1) BMI survey: 2112 children visiting their general practitioner (GP) April-December 2002; (2) RCT: individually randomized overweight/mildly obese (BMI z-score o3.0) children aged 5 years 0 months-9 years 11 months (82 intervention, 81 control). Intervention: Four standard GP consultations over 12 weeks, targeting change in nutrition, physical activity and sedentary behaviour, supported by purpose-designed family materials. Main outcome measures: Primary: BMI at 9 and 15 months post-randomization. Secondary: Parent-reported child nutrition, physical activity and health status; child-reported health status, body satisfaction and appearance/self-worth. Results: Attrition was 10%. The adjusted mean difference (intervention-control) in BMI was À0.2 kg/m 2 (95% CI: À0.6 to 0.1; P ¼ 0.25) at 9 months and À0.0 kg/m 2 (95% CI: À0.5 to 0.5; P ¼ 1.00) at 15 months. There was a relative improvement in nutrition scores in the intervention arm at both 9 and 15 months. There was weak evidence of an increase in daily physical activity in the intervention arm. Health status and body image were similar in the trial arms. Conclusions: This intervention did not result in a sustained BMI reduction, despite the improvement in parent-reported nutrition. Brief individualized solution-focused approaches may not be an effective approach to childhood overweight. Alternatively, this intervention may not have been intensive enough or the GP training may have been insufficient; however, increasing either would have significant cost and resource implications at a population level.

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“…Some studies have used only a single indicator of SES as a proxy for deprivation. For example, household income has been shown to be a significant predictor of childhood obesity (inverse relationship) 121,159 . Similarly, using entitlement to free school meals as a proxy for income 160 , Cecil et al 160 found that it was not that these deprived children weighed more than their more affluent peers, but that in fact the higher BMI was due to shorter height, suggesting possible nutrition-related growth restriction in low-income families.…”

Section: The Neighbourhood Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

The aetiology of childhood obesity: a review

Procter

2007

Nutr. Res. Rev.

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Whilst the prevention of childhood obesity is the only viable, enduring, cost-effective solution to the obesity epidemic, effective methods for it remain elusive. Furthermore, strategies to influence obesogenic environments remain relatively unexplored. In order to be able to develop powerful population-level interventions and public health policies to prevent childhood obesity, it is important to understand its aetiology and those environments that are most amenable to measurable change. First, the present paper considers why we should be concerned about obesity in children, from both the perspective of the increased health risk to the individual and the high economic cost of treatment of obesity and related diseases, highlighting why the prevention of childhood obesity is important. Next, the determinants of health behaviour and the obesogenic environment are explored, which helps us to understand why the aetiology is so complex and that potential causal factors should not be considered in isolation, as the interaction between these factors is also important. The paper then considers the multi-factorial aetiology of childhood obesity and the rationale for the increasing trends in obesity that are evident, in order to understand what is changing in society and our children's behaviour that is triggering the positive energy balance leading to obesity. The review emphasises the need for multi-level approaches if we truly want to prevent childhood obesity. It also serves to highlight that there is a need to extend the current research base in order to build a well-founded framework to form the basis of a strategy for the prevention of childhood obesity.Aetiology of childhood obesity: Prevention of obesity: Obesogenic environments

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Overweight and obesity trends from 1974 to 2003 in English children: what is the role of socioeconomic factors?

Cited by 242 publications

References 43 publications

Are parenting style and controlling feeding practices related?

Are parenting style and controlling feeding practices related?

Outcome data from the LEAP (Live, Eat and Play) trial: a randomized controlled trial of a primary care intervention for childhood overweight/mild obesity

The aetiology of childhood obesity: a review

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