Overweight and/or obesity and its determinants among under-five children in East African countries: A multilevel analysis using Bayesian approach

Tiruneh, Sofonyas Abebaw; Gebremariam, Alemayehu Digssie; Engidaw, Melaku Tadege; Asnakew, Desalegn Tesfa; Dagnaw, Fentaw Teshome; Zewude, Ediget Abebe; Azanaw, Melkalem Mamuye

doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08643

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The aim of this study was to ascertain the prevalence and study the association of maternal BMI with overweight children adjusted for various maternal and child-related factors among children aged 0-59 months in Kenya. The national prevalence of overweight among children aged 0-59 months was 5% which is relatively higher when compared to neighboring countries such as Ethiopia and Burundi which in 2021 had less than 3% of under-fives with overweight/obesity [16] although the prevalence is much lower when compared to developed countries such as the United Arab Emirates where 21.5% of children are said to be overweight [17]. Maternal BMI was strongly associated with child overweight.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

The Association of Maternal BMI with Overweight among Children Aged 0–59 Months in Kenya: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study

Mulu

Neupane

2023

IJERPH

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Childhood overweight is a growing global public health challenge and is prevalent in many countries. We aimed at exploring the prevalence of childhood overweight and the association of maternal body mass index (BMI), maternal demographic factors, and child-related factors with childhood overweight among Kenyan children aged 0-59 months. This study utilized Kenya’s 2014 demographic and health survey, which was based on national representative cross-sectional data. A total of 8316 children and their mothers’ data were analyzed. Overweight in children and maternal BMI were defined using WHO standard criteria. Multivariate logistics regression models were used to study the association of maternal BMI and childhood overweight. Nationally 5% of Kenyan children aged 0–59 months are overweight (5.5% male vs. 3.8% female). The highest prevalence in overweight among children was found in Central region (6.9%) and lowest in North Eastern (3.1%) which could be explained by the various economic disparities. Maternal BMI with underweight was associated with lower odds (OR 0.30, 95% CI 0.14–0.64) whereas, overweight and obesity were associated with higher odds of overweight (OR for overweight 1.64, 95% CI 1.28–2.11 and OR for obesity 1.74, 95% CI 1.22–2.47) among their children compared to normal weight mothers. Overweight among children is of great concern and therefore initiatives to tackle both child and maternal health are urgently needed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

The Association of Maternal BMI with Overweight among Children Aged 0–59 Months in Kenya: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study

Mulu

Neupane

2023

IJERPH

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“…Several studies have investigated the risk factors leading to overweight among under ve children (Saha et al, 2022;Tiruneh et al, 2021). The major contributors to overweight or obesity have been found to be the consumption of high-fatty products, high-sugars, and micro nutrient-poor diets (BA et al, 2004;Ruhara et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Childhood overweight or obesity has been considered an epidemic (Paul, 2023;Tiruneh et al, 2021) and a pandemic in the Global South (Paul, 2023). Child overweight, according to the World Health Organization (WHO), is a condition in which the child's weight is not proportional to his or her height (Jones et al, 2017;Ayele et al, 2022;Flynn et al, 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An increase in trade has noticeable effects on health outcomes (Bettcher et al, 2000;Loewenson et al, 2007;Cyrus, 2018). Recent trends have shown a concerning increase in the prevalence of overweight and obesity among children under ve years of age in East African countries (S.A. Tiruneh, 2021). This escalation appears to be signi cantly in uenced by the regular consumption of soft drinks, including both carbonated and noncarbonated sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Imports on the Prevalence of Overweight among Underfive Children in Nine Eastern Africa Countries

Niragire,

Kwizera,

Dushimimana

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Background Overweighting among children under five years of age is increasingly becoming a global health concern. This has a connection with international trade and its influence on the increasing availability and consumption of sugar in different forms. This study seeks to identify the effects of the import of sugar-sweetened beverages on the prevalence of overweight among children under five years of age in nine Eastern Africa countries (EAC). Methods This study analyzed data from the UN Comtrade Database and World Development Indicators (WDI) of the World Bank (WB) spanning from 2000–2022. The East African countries selected are Burundi, Malawi, Mozambique, Rwanda, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, Madagascar and Zimbabwe. With these panel data, the fixed-effect estimation approach was employed as a technique to study the effect. Results The analysis revealed that the imports of sugar-sweetened beverages such as milk drinks, tea and coffee, and water, including mineral and aerated drinks, had a negative effect on the incidence of overweight among children under five years old in the EAC, but the difference was not statistically significant. However, GDP per capita was found to be positively related to the incidence of overweight. Conclusions This study did not find any evidence that SSB consumption in EACs contributes to the prevalence of overweight among children under five years old. Only GDP growth per capita was found to have a positive effect on the prevalence of child overweight. The findings suggest that international trade policies and agreements should consider the effect of economic growth on adverse health outcomes among children under five years of age in EACs and other similar developing countries.

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“…Further, an increase in the incidence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) weighs a heavy burden, accounting for 35% of disability-adjusted life years in 2016 compared to 16% in 1990. Recent reports highlighted high rates of obesity among children and the school-aged population in Rwanda, suggesting more proactive interventions to supplement health facility-based health promotion efforts (15). The World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Educational, Scienti c and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) launched the Health Promoting School (HPS) model as a strategic vehicle to promote positive development and healthy behaviors, with the potential to improve health and well-being.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors associated with perceived health of school-aged children in rural Rwanda: An opportunity to leverage community health workers to enhance primary healthcare systems linkages

Manzi,

Nguyen,

Katz

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Background: Public schools have considerable potential to reach a significant portion of a given population and can play a central role in improving health across the lifespan. However, little is known about the current health needs of children at schools in rural and limited-resource settings. We sought to assess the perceived health of children and the role of community health workers (CHWs) at public schools in rural Rwanda. Methods: We conducted a convergent mixed methods study among teachers and community members to assess the factors associated with the perceived health of students in rural areas of Musanze, Rwanda. Data collection instruments were adapted from the World Health Organization’s Health Promoting School (HPS) framework and the literature. Semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions were conducted to explore participants’ perceptions of children’s health. We performed a logistic regression analysis to examine the factors associated with perceived health. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the qualitative data. Results: A total of 479 individuals participated in this survey. Of these, 425 (89%) were community members, while 54 (11%) were employed as teachers at Nyabirehe or Rwinzovu public schools. Almost half of respondents 221 (46%) described the overall children’s health as poor. Many factors were associated with perceived children’s health, including having an established leadership team for school-based health promotion (OR = 1.97, 95%CI: 1.01,3,84), and being familiar with school-based health promotion (OR = 4.77, 95%CI: 2.27,10.0). The lack of access to primary care was associated with negative perceptions of children’s health (OR:0.54,95%CI:0.31,0.95). Qualitative results described the CHW as a bridge between communities, schools, and primary healthcare centers. Further, qualitative findings highlighted the structural barriers and needs to be addressed for effective implementation of school-based health promotion. Conclusion: This study’s findings revealed gaps in children’s health in rural areas of Musanze. The strong association between school-based CHWs and children's health reflects the vital role CHWs play in linking communities and primary healthcare facilities. This study provides evidence to inform the development of innovative strategies for effectively implementing school-driven interventions to strengthen health promotion in rural and low-resource settings.

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Overweight and/or obesity and its determinants among under-five children in East African countries: A multilevel analysis using Bayesian approach

Cited by 8 publications

References 26 publications

The Association of Maternal BMI with Overweight among Children Aged 0–59 Months in Kenya: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study

The Association of Maternal BMI with Overweight among Children Aged 0–59 Months in Kenya: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study

Effect of Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Imports on the Prevalence of Overweight among Underfive Children in Nine Eastern Africa Countries

Factors associated with perceived health of school-aged children in rural Rwanda: An opportunity to leverage community health workers to enhance primary healthcare systems linkages

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