Overweight in Boys With ADHD Is Related to Candidate Genes and Not to Deficits in Cognitive Functions

Hanć, Tomasz; Dmitrzak‐Węglarz, Monika; Borkowska, Aneta R.; Wolańczyk, Tomasz; Pytlińska, Natalia; Rybakowski, Filip; Słopień, Radosław; Słopień, Agnieszka

doi:10.1177/1087054716676364

Cited by 17 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 64 publications

(66 reference statements)

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“…As BMI is dependent on gender and age, in assessing overweight and obesity we used a diagnostic method adjusted for age and gender. The most prevalent presentation/subtypes of ADHD were the combined type (75.7%), followed by the ADHD inattentive (17.3%) and ADHD hyperactive-impulsive types (7.0%), which is consistent with earlier observations [60,61]. Similarly, in other recorded characteristics such as comorbidity [57] or the socioeconomic status of the family [62], our patients did not differ from the previously observed clinical groups [63].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Common and Unique Genetic Background between Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Excessive Body Weight

Dmitrzak‐Węglarz

Paszyńska

Bilska

et al. 2021

Genes

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Comorbidity studies show that children with ADHD have a higher risk of being overweight and obese than healthy children. This study aimed to assess the genetic alternations that differ between and are shared by ADHD and excessive body weight (EBW). The sample consisted of 743 Polish children aged between 6 and 17 years. We analyzed a unique set of genes and polymorphisms selected for ADHD and/or obesity based on gene prioritization tools. Polymorphisms in the KCNIP1, SLC1A3, MTHFR, ADRA2A, and SLC6A2 genes proved to be associated with the risk of ADHD in the studied population. The COMT gene polymorphism was one that specifically increased the risk of EBW in the ADHD group. Using the whole-exome sequencing technique, we have shown that the ADHD group contains rare and protein-truncating variants in the FBXL17, DBH, MTHFR, PCDH7, RSPH3, SPTBN1, and TNRC6C genes. In turn, variants in the ADRA2A, DYNC1H1, MAP1A, SEMA6D, and ZNF536 genes were specific for ADHD with EBW. In this way, we confirmed, at the molecular level, the existence of genes specifically predisposing to EBW in ADHD patients, which are associated with the biological pathways involved in the regulation of the reward system, intestinal microbiome, and muscle metabolism.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Common and Unique Genetic Background between Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Excessive Body Weight

Dmitrzak‐Węglarz

Paszyńska

Bilska

et al. 2021

Genes

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“…Another study set out to test, in a sample of 109 boys with ADHD (7–17 years), the relationship between overweight, polymorphism in selected genes, and cold executive dysfunctions expected to lead to abnormal eating patterns via impulsivity and inattention [27]. Tests used to investigate the executive functions included: Continuous Performance Test, Stroop Colour–Word Interference Test, Trail Making Test A and B, Matching Familiar Figures Test, Verbal Fluency Test, Rey–Osterrieth Complex Figure Test and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test.…”

Section: What Are the Factors Underpinning The Association Betweenmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Association between ADHD and Obesity: Intriguing, Progressively More Investigated, but Still Puzzling

Cortese

2019

Brain Sciences

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This narrative review is aimed at presenting the most recent evidence on the association between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and obesity. The review is informed by previous relevant systematic reviews and a search in Pubmed and PsycINFO up to 1 August 2019. Although the association between ADHD and obesity would seem, at first, paradoxical, in the past two decades there has been an increasing number of studies on this topic. The present review shows that there is meta-analytic evidence supporting a significant association between these two conditions, at least in adults. Growing evidence is also being published on the genetic and environmental factors underlying the association. However, the cause–effects paths, as well as the exact mechanisms explaining the association, remain unclear. Additionally, empirical evidence guiding the management/treatment of patients with the two conditions is still limited. Therefore, after almost 20 years from the first report of a link between ADHD and obesity, this association continues to be puzzling.

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“…Other studies published so far have shown that children with ADHD have increased body weight or BMI in comparison with pediatric norms or control groups [6,13,20,36]. Holtkamp et al found that boys with ADHD had higher BMI and were more often overweight or obese compared to the general population [10].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most studies show that ADHD is a risk factor for obesity independently of pharmacological treatment, socio-economic status, and most of the other disorders accompanying ADHD. The link between ADHD and obesity becomes more pronounced with age, from a slight correlation in toddlers with ADHD to a high frequency of obesity in adults with ADHD [12,13]. However, in relation to the general population, international studies have reported that the number of persons with overweight and obesity almost tripled in the last 40 years [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Excessive Weight Gain and Dental Caries Experience among Children Affected by ADHD

Paszyńska

Dmitrzak‐Węglarz

Perczak

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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In recent years, attention has been paid to the co-occurrence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and obesity, but results in relation to dental caries outcomes differ. The study was conducted to determine obesity/overweight and dental caries in children suffering from ADHD and to draw comparisons with non-ADHD children. A total of 119 children under 11 years old (8.2 ± 1.2) were enrolled into a cross-sectional study: those with confirmed ADHD (n = 39), and healthy controls (n = 80). The behavioral evaluation included a parent interview directed at sweetened food/drink habits. The clinical evaluation included physical measurements (height, waist, hip circumference, body weight, body mass index (BMI), and dental examination (International Caries Detection and Assessment System—ICDAS). Results showed a higher prevalence of abnormal body weight, hip circumference, and BMI, and a higher frequency of caries (84.6%) in the ADHD group. Significant caries differences for primary (ICDAS 0, 1, 2, 5, 6 scores) and permanent teeth (ICDAS 1, 3 scores) were recorded. The questionnaire pinpointed interplays between sugar consumption and tooth decay, especially for primary dentition. It can be concluded that the consumption of sweetened foods/drinks among ADHD children may lead to an increased rate of overweight, but may also affect oral health. Limiting sugar consumption might be one of the important elements in prevention programmes against dental caries and overweight/obesity.

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Overweight in Boys With ADHD Is Related to Candidate Genes and Not to Deficits in Cognitive Functions

Abstract: Overweight in boys with ADHD is associated with polymorphisms in three candidate genes: DRD4, SNAP25, and 5HTR2A, but not through conditioning deficits in cognitive functions.

Cited by 17 publications

References 64 publications

Common and Unique Genetic Background between Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Excessive Body Weight

Common and Unique Genetic Background between Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Excessive Body Weight

The Association between ADHD and Obesity: Intriguing, Progressively More Investigated, but Still Puzzling

Excessive Weight Gain and Dental Caries Experience among Children Affected by ADHD

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