Overweight, Obesity, and Mortality from Cancer in a Prospectively Studied Cohort of U.S. Adults

Calle, Eugenia E.; Rodríguez, Carmen; Walker-Thurmond, Kimberly A.; Thun, Michael J.

doi:10.1056/nejmoa021423

Cited by 6,907 publications

(5,206 citation statements)

References 47 publications

Supporting

132

Mentioning

4,833

Contrasting

Unclassified

209

Order By: Relevance

“…8 Following conversion from imperial to metric units, BMI (weight (kg) divided by height squared (m 2 )) was computed. To facilitate comparability of our findings with those from other studies, [26][27][28] we defined underweight (o18.5 to 25.0 kg/m 2 ), normal weight (BMI 18.5 to o25.0 kg/m 2 ), overweight (25.0-29.99 kg/m 2 ) and obesity (Z30.0 kg/m 2 ), according to criteria advanced by the World Health Organisation. 29 …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Obesity and overweight in relation to organ-specific cancer mortality in London (UK): findings from the original Whitehall study

Batty

Shipley

Jarrett³

et al. 2005

Int J Obes

125

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

OBJECTIVE:To examine the relation of obesity and overweight with organ-specific cancer mortality. METHODS: In the Whitehall prospective cohort study of London-based government employees, 18 403 middle-age men participated in a medical examination between 1967 and 1970. Subjects were followed up for cause-specific mortality for up to 35 y (median: interquartile range (25th-75th centile); 28.1 y: 18.6-33.8). RESULTS: There were over 3000 cancer deaths in this cohort. There was a raised risk of mortality from carcinoma of the rectum, bladder, colon, and liver, and for lymphoma in obese or overweight men following adjustment for range of covariates, which included socioeconomic position and physical activity. These relationships held after exclusion of deaths occurring in the first 20 y of follow-up. CONCLUSION: Avoidance of obesity and overweight in adult life may reduce the risk of developing some cancers.

show abstract

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Obesity and overweight in relation to organ-specific cancer mortality in London (UK): findings from the original Whitehall study

Batty

Shipley

Jarrett³

et al. 2005

Int J Obes

125

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It was estimated in a recent study, from a prospective cancer prevention cohort, that overweight and obesity accounted for 14 percent of all cancer deaths in men and 20 percent of those in women [5]. Significant positive associations were found between obesity and higher death rates for the following cancers: esophagus, colon and rectum, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, kidney, stomach (in men), prostate, breast, uterus, cervix, and ovary [5].…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Significant positive associations were found between obesity and higher death rates for the following cancers: esophagus, colon and rectum, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, kidney, stomach (in men), prostate, breast, uterus, cervix, and ovary [5]. The authors estimated that over 90,000 cancer deaths per year could be avoided if the adult population all maintained a normal weight (BMI < 25.0) [5]. Clearly, obesity is a major risk factor for cancer.…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrition and cancer: A review of the evidence for an anti-cancer diet

Donaldson¹

2004

Nutr J

565

344

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

It has been estimated that 30–40 percent of all cancers can be prevented by lifestyle and dietary measures alone. Obesity, nutrient sparse foods such as concentrated sugars and refined flour products that contribute to impaired glucose metabolism (which leads to diabetes), low fiber intake, consumption of red meat, and imbalance of omega 3 and omega 6 fats all contribute to excess cancer risk. Intake of flax seed, especially its lignan fraction, and abundant portions of fruits and vegetables will lower cancer risk. Allium and cruciferous vegetables are especially beneficial, with broccoli sprouts being the densest source of sulforophane. Protective elements in a cancer prevention diet include selenium, folic acid, vitamin B-12, vitamin D, chlorophyll, and antioxidants such as the carotenoids (α-carotene, β-carotene, lycopene, lutein, cryptoxanthin). Ascorbic acid has limited benefits orally, but could be very beneficial intravenously. Supplementary use of oral digestive enzymes and probiotics also has merit as anticancer dietary measures. When a diet is compiled according to the guidelines here it is likely that there would be at least a 60–70 percent decrease in breast, colorectal, and prostate cancers, and even a 40–50 percent decrease in lung cancer, along with similar reductions in cancers at other sites. Such a diet would be conducive to preventing cancer and would favor recovery from cancer as well.

show abstract

“…Individuals that are overweight or obese have greater risk of developing chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease (Kopelman, 2000), and cancer (Calle et al ., 2003). In addition, these chronic diseases are strongly associated with older age and have negative impacts on longevity (Copaci et al ., 2015; Sirbu et al ., 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long‐lived hypopituitary Ames dwarf mice are resistant to the detrimental effects of high‐fat diet on metabolic function and energy expenditure

Hill

Fang

Miquet³

et al. 2016

Aging Cell

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SummaryGrowth hormone (GH) signaling stimulates the production of IGF‐1; however, increased GH signaling may induce insulin resistance and can reduce life expectancy in both mice and humans. Interestingly, disruption of GH signaling by reducing plasma GH levels significantly improves health span and extends lifespan in mice, as observed in Ames dwarf mice. In addition, these mice have increased adiposity, yet are more insulin sensitive compared to control mice. Metabolic stressors such as high‐fat diet (HFD) promote obesity and may alter longevity through the GH signaling pathway. Therefore, our objective was to investigate the effects of a HFD (metabolic stressor) on genetic mechanisms that regulate metabolism during aging. We show that Ames dwarf mice fed HFD for 12 weeks had an increase in subcutaneous and visceral adiposity as a result of diet‐induced obesity, yet are more insulin sensitive and have higher levels of adiponectin compared to control mice fed HFD. Furthermore, energy expenditure was higher in Ames dwarf mice fed HFD than in control mice fed HFD. Additionally, we show that transplant of epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT) from Ames dwarf mice fed HFD into control mice fed HFD improves their insulin sensitivity. We conclude that Ames dwarf mice are resistant to the detrimental metabolic effects of HFD and that visceral adipose tissue of Ames dwarf mice improves insulin sensitivity in control mice fed HFD.

show abstract

Overweight, Obesity, and Mortality from Cancer in a Prospectively Studied Cohort of U.S. Adults

Abstract: Increased body weight was associated with increased death rates for all cancers combined and for cancers at multiple specific sites.

Cited by 6,907 publications

References 47 publications

Obesity and overweight in relation to organ-specific cancer mortality in London (UK): findings from the original Whitehall study

Obesity and overweight in relation to organ-specific cancer mortality in London (UK): findings from the original Whitehall study

Nutrition and cancer: A review of the evidence for an anti-cancer diet

Long‐lived hypopituitary Ames dwarf mice are resistant to the detrimental effects of high‐fat diet on metabolic function and energy expenditure

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About