Overwintering in the nest by hatchling map turtles (<i>Graptemys geographica</i>)

Nagle, Roy D.; Lutz, Clayton L.; Pyle, Andrew L

doi:10.1139/z04-096

Cited by 35 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 44 publications

(58 reference statements)

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“…Most (95 %) hatchling G. geographica overwinter in the nest in Pennsylvania (Nagle, Lutz & Pyle, 2004), where mortality is limited (5.4 %). Baker et al (2003) report similar data for hatchlings in northern Indiana, with 19 of 20 nests containing hatchlings that successfully overwintered (only one dead overwintering hatchling ; one nest had autumn emergence).…”

Section: Aquatic Turtles -Species Known or Suspected To Be Anoxiamentioning

confidence: 99%

The ecology of overwintering among turtles: where turtles overwinter and its consequences

2006

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Turtles are a small taxon that has nevertheless attracted much attention from biologists for centuries. However, a major portion of their life cycle has received relatively little attention until recently - namely what turtles are doing, and how they are doing it, during the winter. In the northern parts of their ranges in North America, turtles may spend more than half of their lives in an overwintering state. In this review, I emphasise the ecological aspects of overwintering among turtles, and consider how overwintering stresses affect the physiology, behaviour, distributions, and life histories of various species. Sea turtles are the only group of turtles that migrate extensively, and can therefore avoid northern winters. Nevertheless, each year a number of turtles, largely juveniles, are killed when trapped by cold fronts before they move to safer waters. Evidently this risk is an acceptable trade-off for the benefits to a population of inhabiting northern developmental habitats during the summer. Terrestrial turtles pass the winter underground, either in burrows that they excavate or that are preformed. These refugia must provide protection against desiccation and lethal freezing levels. Some burrows are extensive (tortoise genus Gopherus), while others are shallow, or the turtles may simply dig into the ground to a safe depth (turtle genus Terrapene). In the latter genus, freeze tolerance may play an adaptive role. Most non-marine aquatic turtles overwinter underwater, although Clemmys (Actinemys) marmorata routinely overwinters on land when it occurs in riverine habitats, Kinosternon subrubrum often overwinters on land, and several others may overwinter terrestrially on occasion, especially in more southern climates. For northern species that overwinter underwater, there are two physiological groupings, those that are anoxia-tolerant and those that are relatively anoxia-intolerant. All species fare well physiologically in water with a high partial pressure of oxygen (PO2). A lack of anoxia tolerance limits the types of habitats that a freshwater turtle may live in, since unlike sea turtles, they cannot travel long distances to hibernate. Hatchlings of some species of turtles spend their first winter in or below the nest cavity, while hatchlings of other species in the same area, including northern areas, emerge in the autumn and presumably hibernate underwater. All hatchlings are relatively anoxia-intolerant, and there are no studies to date of where hatchling turtles that do not overwinter in or below the nest cavity spend their first winter. Equally little is known of the ontogeny of anoxia tolerance, other than that adults of all species are more anoxia-tolerant than their hatchlings, probably because of their better ossified shells, which provide adults with more buffer reserves and a larger site in which to sequester lactate. The northern limits of turtles are most likely determined by reproductive limitations (time for egg-laying, incubation, and hatching) than by the rigors of hibernation. Mortalit...

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Section: Aquatic Turtles -Species Known or Suspected To Be Anoxiamentioning

confidence: 99%

The ecology of overwintering among turtles: where turtles overwinter and its consequences

2006

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“…In some species the majority of hatchlings remain in the nest until the following spring, although some fall emergence may occur. These include Painted Turtles (Chrysemys picta -Zwiefel 1989;Lindeman 1991;Pappas et al 2000), Common Map Turtles (Graptemys geographica -Pappas et al 2000;Baker et al 2003;Nagle et al 2004), and Diamondback Terrapins (Malaclemys terrapin; Baker et al 2006). For the two former species, it is assumed that if the hatchlings leave the nest, they overwinter aquatically, while for the latter species fall emergence coupled with aquatic or terrestrial overwintering has been reported (Draud et al 2004), as well as overwintering in the nest coupled with fall emergence (Baker et al 2006).…”

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confidence: 99%

Post-Emergence Movements and Overwintering of Snapping Turtle, <em>Chelydra serpentina</em>, Hatchlings in New York and New Hampshire

2007

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Hatchling Common Snapping Turtles (Chelydra serpentina) were captured within, or as they emerged from, their nest cavities in Long Island, New York, and in southeastern New Hampshire. They were fitted with radiotransmitters and released at their nest sites. Their movements were monitored for as long as possible, which for some included tracking them to their overwintering sites and relocating them the following spring. On Long Island, all hatchlings initially moved to water. Later movements were both aquatic and terrestrial, and those that could be located while overwintering had left the water and hibernated in spring seeps, where they were recovered alive the following April. In New Hampshire, hatchlings moved directly to nearby aquatic habitats after emergence, where they spent the winter submerged in shallow water in root masses near banks.

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“…Given that emergence date is likely a facultative response to environmental conditions (Gibbons and Nelson, 1978;Nagle et al, 2004), we expect emergence patterns to vary annually as well as geographically. There are only a few published accounts of the timing of emergence for western pond turtles, and most involve only a few nests.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Mar., we installed enclosures inside the exclosures, which allowed us to determine the date of spring emergence (Nagle et al, 2004) and attach radio transmitters. By retaining hatchlings that could exit the larger-mesh exclosures, we were able to precisely determine the initial date of spring emergence and also allow us to attach transmitters.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post-Emergence Behavior of Hatchling Western Pond Turtles (Actinemys marmorata) in Western Oregon

Rosenberg¹,

Swift²

2013

The American Midland Naturalist

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Overwintering in the nest by hatchling map turtles (Graptemys geographica)

Cited by 35 publications

References 44 publications

The ecology of overwintering among turtles: where turtles overwinter and its consequences

The ecology of overwintering among turtles: where turtles overwinter and its consequences

Post-Emergence Movements and Overwintering of Snapping Turtle, <em>Chelydra serpentina</em>, Hatchlings in New York and New Hampshire

Post-Emergence Behavior of Hatchling Western Pond Turtles (Actinemys marmorata) in Western Oregon

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