Overwintering of herbaceous plants in a changing climate. Still more questions than answers

Rapacz, Marcin; Ergon, Åshild; Höglind, Mats; Jørgensen, Marit; Jurczyk, Barbara; Østrem, Liv; Rognli, Odd Arne; Tronsmo, Anne Marte

doi:10.1016/j.plantsci.2014.05.009

Cited by 120 publications

(110 citation statements)

References 107 publications

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“…In addition, waterlogged soils in combination with higher autumn temperatures have negative effects on cold acclimation of timothy (Jørgensen et al, 2016). Unstable winter temperatures and early springs can cause plants to de-acclimate, when there is still a risk of freezing (Jørgensen et al, 2010;Rapacz et al, 2014). The distribution of many weeds, pests and pathogens are limited to the north by harsh winters.…”

Section: Forage Dry Matter Productivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

How can forage production in Nordic and Mediterranean Europe adapt to the challenges and opportunities arising from climate change?

Ergon

Seddaiu

Korhonen

et al. 2018

European Journal of Agronomy

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Climate change and its eﬀects on grassland productivity vary across Europe. The Mediterranean and Nordic regions represent the opposite ends of a gradient of changes in temperature and precipitation patterns, with increasingly warmer and wetter winters in the north and increasingly warmer and drier summers in the south. Warming and elevated concentration of atmospheric CO2 may boost forage production in the Nordic region. Production in many Mediterranean areas is likely to become even more challenged by drought in the future, but elevated CO2 can to some extent alleviate drought limitation on photosynthesis and growth. In both regions, climate change will aﬀect forage quality and lead to modiﬁcations of the annual productivity cycles, with an extended growing season in the Nordic region and a shift towards winter in the Mediterranean region. This will require adaptations in defoliation and fertilization strategies. The identity of species and mixtures with optimal performance is likelyto shift somewhat inresponse to altered climate and management systems. Itis argued that breeding of grassland species should aimto (i) improve plantstrategies to cope with relevant abiotic stresses and (ii) optimize growth and phenology to new seasonal variation, and that plant diversity at all levels is a good adaptation strategy

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Section: Forage Dry Matter Productivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

How can forage production in Nordic and Mediterranean Europe adapt to the challenges and opportunities arising from climate change?

Ergon

Seddaiu

Korhonen

et al. 2018

European Journal of Agronomy

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“…In order to obtain high productivity over several years, a high rate of winter survival and vigorous spring regrowth is necessary, and therefore increased autumn productivity through an extended growing season can only be sustainably achieved if there is enough light during the delayed cold acclimation period. The required levels of acclimation and of stored carbohydrate reserves depend on the severity of the prevailing stresses and on the magnitude of the net photosynthetic deficit that might accumulate during winter, both which can vary greatly from year to year, and which do not necessarily diminish with climate change [20]. There are, in theory, two contrasting options for genetic adaptation to autumn-extended thermal growing seasons at high latitudes: either utilize the extended growing period and cold acclimate later in the autumn, but at the same temperature as today, or cease leaf growth and cold acclimate at the same photoperiod as today, but at higher temperatures ( Figure 2).…”

Section: Can We Increase Autumn Productivity At High Latitudes?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In general, exposure to higher temperatures in spring results in stimulation of growth and at the same time, loss of freezing resistance (de-acclimation) [20]. There are several reports describing deacclimation and re-acclimation responses in perennial grass species [99][100][101][102][103][104][105], and some of them also report a negative association between freezing resistance and leaf growth during the de-acclimation period.…”

Section: Can We Increase Spring Productivity At High Latitudes?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Winter survival is an extremely complex trait being the result of both an acclimation process and responses to numerous types of stresses that plants encounter and must endure during winter and early spring [20]. The term "cold acclimation" refers to the development of resistance to freezing stress.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Temperature is a major environmental factor controlling cold acclimation and cold de-acclimation in perennial grasses, although light factors are also of importance. Low temperature induces not only freezing resistance, but also resistance to other winter stresses, such as ice encasement/anoxia [21], and fungal pathogens (snow molds) [22,23], which, depending on climatic conditions, may have a much stronger influence on winter survival than freezing [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optimal Regulation of the Balance between Productivity and Overwintering of Perennial Grasses in a Warmer Climate

Ergon

2017

Agronomy

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Seasonal growth patterns of perennial plants are linked to patterns of acclimation and de-acclimation to seasonal stresses. The timing of cold acclimation (development of freezing resistance) and leaf growth cessation in autumn, and the timing of de-acclimation and leaf regrowth in spring, is regulated by seasonal cues in the environment, mainly temperature and light factors. Warming will lead to new combinations of these cues in autumn and spring. Extended thermal growing seasons offer a possibility for obtaining increased yields of perennial grasses at high latitudes. Increased productivity in the autumn may not be possible in all high latitude regions due to the need for light during cold acclimation and the need for accumulating a carbohydrate storage prior to winter. There is more potential for increased yields in spring due to the availability of light, but higher probability of freezing events in earlier springs would necessitate a delay of de-acclimation, or an ability to rapidly re-acclimate. In order to optimize the balance between productivity and overwintering in the future, the regulation of growth and acclimation processes may have to be modified. Here, the current knowledge on the coordinated regulation of growth and freezing resistance in perennial grasses is reviewed.

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ToColdlyGo Where No Grass has Gone Before: A Multidisciplinary Review of Cold Adaptation in Poaceae

Schubert

Humphreys

Lindberg

et al. 2020

Annual Plant Reviews Online

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The grass family Poaceae is among the largest and most successful plant families, both ecologically and economically. It covers a wide geographic, climatic, and ecological range and contains many of the world's most important crops including wheat, barley, rice, maize, and sorghum, as well as many forage and biofuel species. Both wild and cultivated grasses are diverse in areas that regularly experience cold and freezing as well as high seasonality, harsh winters, and short growing seasons. Grasses growing in these environments have evolved an arsenal of strategies to tolerate or resist cold stress, or to escape the cold by phenological adjustments. Here, we review the current knowledge of cold adaptations in grasses synthesising across the disciplines of stress physiology, genetics, metabolomics, ecology, and evolution, in both wild and cultivated species. Specifically, we explore what is known about molecular and physiological cold stress responses, how these might have evolved and their role in shaping diversification and distribution patterns of grasses. We argue that integrating insights from multiple disciplines will further our understanding of cold adaptation.

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Overwintering of herbaceous plants in a changing climate. Still more questions than answers

Cited by 120 publications

References 107 publications

How can forage production in Nordic and Mediterranean Europe adapt to the challenges and opportunities arising from climate change?

How can forage production in Nordic and Mediterranean Europe adapt to the challenges and opportunities arising from climate change?

Optimal Regulation of the Balance between Productivity and Overwintering of Perennial Grasses in a Warmer Climate

ToColdlyGo Where No Grass has Gone Before: A Multidisciplinary Review of Cold Adaptation in Poaceae

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