Ovicidal, larvicidal and oviposition repelling action of a nanoemulsion of citronella essential oil (Cymbopogon winterianus) on Cochliomyia hominivorax (Diptera: Calliphoridae)

Progress of nanopreparation technology applied to volatile oil drug delivery systems

“…Frankincense oil NE were found to be effective in inducing apoptosis in cancer cells with minimal cytotoxic effects on normal lung cells, demonstrating the potential of frankincense oil NE to enhance the activity of systemic anti-lung cancer drugs [ 22 ]. In addition, many other volatile oils and their important constituents, including buckwheat flavonoids [ 23 ], limonene [ 24 ], cinnamon oil, coconut oil, sunflower oil, olive oil, palm oil, jojoba [ 25 ], red raspberry seed [ 26 ], peppermint [ 27 ], tea tree [ 28 ], clove [ 29 , 30 ], oregano [ 31 ], chilli pepper [ 32 ], and citrus [ 33 ], linseed [ 34 ], cinnamon [ 23 ], bitter fennel [ 24 ], thyme [ 35 , 36 ], Carlina acaulis L. [ 37 ], fritillary [ 38 ], lemongrass [ 39 , 40 ], cumin [ 41 ], lemon [ 42 ], peppermint [ 43 ], black pepper [ 44 ], cloves [ [45] , [46] , [47] ], lemon [ 48 ], fennel [ 49 , 50 ], Cinnamon [ [51] , [52] , [53] ], Lavender [ 54 , 55 ], Laurel [ 56 ], Peppermint [ 49 ], Thyme [ 57 ], Astragalus [ 58 ], Celandine [ 59 ], Cumin [ 60 ], Nettle [ 46 ] and other volatile oils of TCM, were loaded in NE to improve solubility, solubility and bioavailability. NE have extraordinary properties and are expected to be nanocarriers for hydrophobic drugs.…”

“…The working mechanism of HPH is that the material undergoes violent collision in a narrow adjustable gap in the homogenizing valve, which achieves high pressure, high speed, and generates high shear, turbulence, cavitation effect, etc., which reduces the average particle size of the material, destroys the microstructure of the material, and thus affects the physical and chemical properties of the material and improves the quality and stability of the material [ 137 ]. HPH is usually chosen for the preparation of NE, and a large number of research teams have prepared NE containing cloves [ 29 , 30 ], oregano [ 31 ], chilli [ 32 ], citrus [ 33 ], linseed [ 34 ], cinnamon [ 23 ], bitter fennel [ 24 ], thyme [ 35 , 36 ], Carlina acaulis L. [ 38 ], fritillary [ 39 , 40 ], lemongrass [ 42 ], cumin [ 43 ], and lemon grass [ 44 ]. In addition, the HPH preparation technique has been widely used in SLN [ 89 , [138] , [139] , [140] , [141] , [142] ], for example, in the preparation of SLN drug-carrying systems containing volatile oils such as Artemisia absinthium [ 143 ], Fritillaria angustifolia [ 108 ], Zataria multiflora [ 144 ], clove [ 37 ], curved [ 41 ], poplar, Lippia sidoides, pomelo bark, and arbutin.…”

“… Volatile oil nanopreparation Advantages Disadvantages Examples (partial) Microemulsion (ME) Thermodynamically stable system, infinitely dilutable, small particle size, high practical application value Liquid formulations with low viscosity cannot be dosed. Cinnamon [ 17 ] Clove [ 18 ] Garlic [ 19 ] Nanoemulsion (NE) Dynamically stable system with multiple routes of administration Unclear release mechanism, high cost, and cytotoxicity issues with excipients Jojoba [ 25 ], Red raspberry seed [ 26 ], Peppermint [ 27 ], Tea tree [ 28 ], Clove [ 29 , 30 ], Oregano [ 31 ], Chilli pepper [ 32 ], Citrus [ 33 ], Linseed [ 34 ], Bitter fennel [ 24 ], Thyme [ 35 , 36 ], Carlina acaulis L. [ 37 ], Fritillary [ 38 ], Lemongrass [ 39 , 40 ], Cumin [ 41 ], lemon [ 42 ], Peppermint [ 43 ], Black pepper [ 44 ], Lemon [ 48 ], Fennel [ 49 , 50 ], Cinnamon [ [51] , [52] , [53] ], Lavender [ 54 , 55 ], Laurel [ 56 ], Peppermint [ 49 ], Thyme [ …”

“…Jojoba [ 25 ], Red raspberry seed [ 26 ], Peppermint [ 27 ], Tea tree [ 28 ], Clove [ 29 , 30 ], Oregano [ 31 ], Chilli pepper [ 32 ], Citrus [ 33 ], Linseed [ 34 ], Bitter fennel [ 24 ], Thyme [ 35 , 36 ], Carlina acaulis L. [ 37 ], Fritillary [ 38 ], Lemongrass [ 39 , 40 ], Cumin [ 41 ], lemon [ 42 ], Peppermint [ 43 ], Black pepper [ 44 ], Lemon [ 48 ], Fennel [ 49 , 50 ], Cinnamon [ [51] , [52] , [53] ], Lavender [ 54 , 55 ], Laurel [ 56 ], Peppermint [ 49 ], Thyme [ 57 ], Astragalus [ 58 ], Celandine [ 59 ], Cumin [ 60 ], Nettle [ 46 ]…”

Larvicidal effect of the essential oil of Curcuma xanthorrhiza (ginger java) for Aedes aegypti

“…It is important to note that to date, no scientific record on nanoemulsion (O/W) of C. xanthorrhiza by the low-energy inversion method is available, however, studies prove the action of nanoemulsions based on essential oils with excellent larvicidal potential (Bricarello et al, 2021;Kavallieratos et al, 2022).…”