Øving på cybersikkerheit: Ein casestudie av ei cybersikkerheitsøving

Lund, Mass Soldal

doi:10.31374/sjms.119

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 12 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In a previous study, we found that variations in daily affect were associated with experienced team workloads among cyber cadets participating in a cyber defense exercise (Ask et al, 2021b ). While the significance of such findings may be unclear with respect to exercise outcomes (Lund, 2022 ), the findings in the present study may serve to further elucidate their relevance beyond suggesting that individual characteristics influence team dynamics. While stress and urgency may disturb analytic cognitive processes (Poth, 2021 ), positive moods, as opposed to neutral moods may also result in transitioning from analytical processing to stimulus-oriented processing (Baek and Falk, 2018 ), for example as a result of optimism bias and mood congruent processing, lack of suspicion, or overconfidence (Vishwanath et al, 2018 ; Canham et al, 2022 ; Sütterlin et al, 2022 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Neurophysiological and emotional influences on team communication and metacognitive cyber situational awareness during a cyber engineering exercise

Ask

Knox

Lugo

et al. 2023

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Cyber operations unfold at superhuman speeds where cyber defense decisions are based on human-to-human communication aiming to achieve a shared cyber situational awareness. The recently proposed Orient, Locate, Bridge (OLB) model suggests a three-phase metacognitive approach for successful communication of cyber situational awareness for good cyber defense decision-making. Successful OLB execution implies applying cognitive control to coordinate self-referential and externally directed cognitive processes. In the brain, this is dependent on the frontoparietal control network and its connectivity to the default mode network. Emotional reactions may increase default mode network activity and reduce attention allocation to analytical processes resulting in sub-optimal decision-making. Vagal tone is an indicator of activity in the dorsolateral prefrontal node of the frontoparietal control network and is associated with functional connectivity between the frontoparietal control network and the default mode network.Aim: The aim of the present study was to assess whether indicators of neural activity relevant to the processes outlined by the OLB model were related to outcomes hypothesized by the model.Methods: Cyber cadets (N = 36) enrolled in a 3-day cyber engineering exercise organized by the Norwegian Defense Cyber Academy participated in the study. Differences in prospective metacognitive judgments of cyber situational awareness, communication demands, and mood were compared between cyber cadets with high and low vagal tone. Vagal tone was measured at rest prior to the exercise. Affective states, communication demands, cyber situational awareness, and metacognitive accuracy were measured on each day of the exercise.Results: We found that cyber cadets with higher vagal tone had better metacognitive judgments of cyber situational awareness, imposed fewer communication demands on their teams, and had more neutral moods compared to cyber cadets with lower vagal tone.Conclusion: These findings provide neuroergonomic support for the OLB model and suggest that it may be useful in education and training. Future studies should assess the effect of OLB-ing as an intervention on communication and performance.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Neurophysiological and emotional influences on team communication and metacognitive cyber situational awareness during a cyber engineering exercise

Ask

Knox

Lugo

et al. 2023

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In a previous study, we found that variations in daily affect was associated with experienced team workloads among cyber cadets participating in a cyber defense exercise (Ask et al, 2021b). While the significance of such findings may be unclear with respect to exercise outcomes (Lund, 2022), the findings in present study may serve to further elucidate their relevance beyond suggesting that individual characteristics influence team dynamics. While stress and urgency may disturb analytic cognitive processes (Poth, 2021), positive moods, as opposed to neutral moods may also result in transitioning from analytical processing to stimulus-oriented processing (Baek & Falk, 2018), for example as a result of optimism bias and mood congruent processing, lack of suspicion, or overconfidence (Canham et al, 2022;Sütterlin et al, 2022;Vishwanath et al, 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

Neurophysiological and Emotional Influences on Team Communication and Metacognitive Cyber Situational Awareness During a Cyber Engineering Exercise

Ask¹,

Knox²,

Lugo³

et al. 2022

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Cyber operations unfold at superhuman speeds where cyber defense decisions are based on human-to-human communication aiming to achieve a shared cyber situational awareness. The recently proposed Orient, Locate, Bridge (OLB) model suggests a three-phase metacognitive approach for successful communication of cyber situational awareness for good cyber defense decision-making. Successful OLB execution implies applying cognitive control to coordinate self-referential and externally directed cognitive processes. In the brain, this is dependent on the frontoparietal control network and its connectivity to the default mode network. Emotional reactions may increase default mode network activity and reduce attention allocation to analytical processes resulting in sub-optimal decision-making. Vagal tone is an indicator of activity in the dorsolateral prefrontal node of the frontoparietal control network and is associated with functional connectivity between the frontoparietal control network and the default mode network. The aim of the present study was to assess whether indicators of neural activity relevant for the processes outlined by the OLB model were related to outcomes hypothesized by the model. Cyber cadets (N = 36) enrolled in a three-day cyber engineering exercise organized by the Norwegian Defense Cyber Academy participated in the study. Differences in prospective metacognitive judgements of cyber situational awareness, communication demands, and mood were compared between cyber cadets with high and low vagal tone. Vagal tone was measured at rest prior to the exercise. Affective states, communication demands, cyber situational awareness, and metacognitive accuracy was measured on each day of the exercise. We found that cyber cadets with higher vagal tone had better metacognitive judgments of cyber situational awareness, imposed less communication demands on their teams, and had more neutral moods compared to cyber cadets with lower vagal tone. These findings provide neuroergonomic support for the OLB model and suggest that it may be useful in education and training. Future studies should assess the effect of OLB-ing as an intervention on communication and performance.

show abstract

A human-centred design approach for the development and conducting of maritime cyber resilience training

Erstad

Hopcraft

Harish

et al. 2023

WMU J Marit Affairs

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Due to the increase in the digitalization on board ships, the potential consequences of a cyber-induced incident can threaten the safety of the ships. A known challenge in the maritime industry is communication between ship owner management onshore and the crew on board a ship, especially during incident handling. To mitigate this issue and enhance cooperation in the digital age, crew and ship owner management need to meet, train for, and discuss cyber risks and their challenges. One way to enhance cohesive teams and effective communication is through the application of a human-centred design (HCD) approach to holistic team training. This paper proposes how simulator instructors should utilise HCD for the development of maritime cyber resilience training, tailored to a variety of maritime stakeholders including ship’s crew and onshore support personnel. To do this, this paper will explore relevant learning theories and current maritime and cyber-related training methods. The paper will then demonstrate, through a practical application, the effectiveness of adopting HCD when designing maritime cyber resilience training. This application will argue that maritime simulators present an effective training solution for new cyber-related incidents. The authors demonstrate the application of HCD by showcasing a ballast water handling system cyber incident designed for the simulator. The development of such a training resource allows all participants to experience the consequences of a cyber-attack in a safe environment whilst enhancing their ability to respond (i.e. communicate with each other) effectively.

show abstract

Øving på cybersikkerheit: Ein casestudie av ei cybersikkerheitsøving

Cited by 3 publications

References 12 publications

Neurophysiological and emotional influences on team communication and metacognitive cyber situational awareness during a cyber engineering exercise

Neurophysiological and emotional influences on team communication and metacognitive cyber situational awareness during a cyber engineering exercise

Neurophysiological and Emotional Influences on Team Communication and Metacognitive Cyber Situational Awareness During a Cyber Engineering Exercise

A human-centred design approach for the development and conducting of maritime cyber resilience training

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About