Oviposition deterrent and ovicidal properties of Calotropis gigantea (L.) leaf extract to Paraeucosmetus pallicornis (Dallas) in rice

Changes in land and pesticide are the main drivers of changes in the biodiversity of agricultural land, particularly natural enemies of insect pests. Leptocorisa acuta and Nephotettix virescens are the main pests of rice plants in Indonesia which are mostly controlled with pesticides. The use of extracts of natural ingredients Calontropis gigantea leaves and Crescentia cujete fruit is an alternative for controlling rice pests. The purpose of the study was to determine the mixed extracts of C. gigantea and C. cujete with various concentrations on the population and the attack intensity of Leptocorisa acuta and Nephotettix virescens as well as natural enemies population. This study consisted of six treatments, namely a concentration of 1%; 2.5%; 4%; 5.5%; 7% and farmer treatment. Observations were made visually and sweep net by taking samples diagonally in one plot was taken five plant sample points were and in one point consisted of four clumps of rice. The results showed that, in comparison to the farmers treatment, the population and attack intensity were low for all extract concentration treatments, and statistical analysis did not reveal any statistically significant differences between concentrations. In comparison to farmer treatment, the population of natural enemies was high in all extract treatments. When mixed extracts of C. gigantea and C. cujete are used for pest management of rice plants, the number and severity of pest attacks can be reduced without affecting natural enemies.

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Various Concentrations of Mixed Extracts of Calotropis gigantea and Crescentia cujete Against Population and Attack Intensity of Leptocorisa acuta, Nephotettix virescens and Natural Enemy Populations of Rice Plants

Wardiman,

Dewi,

Fatahuddin

et al. 2023

“…Some researchers suggest that the leaves and stems of giant milkweeds function as insecticides, extracts and giant milkweeds can be used as botanical pesticides. The results of another study showed that crude extracts from C. gigantea leaves were effective as oviposition inhibitors and had the potential to be ovicidal with about 75% effectiveness against P. pallicornis [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of combination insectary plants and botanical pesticides in increasing arthropod populations of natural enemies and suppressing populations of s. frugiperda in corn

Muliadi,

Sjam,

Thamrin

2023

Spodoptera frugiperda is the main pest of corn with a high level of attack intensity. Utilization of natural enemies both predators and parasitoids can be lured using zinnia flowers could be an effective control technique in suppressing armyworm pest populations. Pests hate the smells and taste of botanical insecticides a mixed of maja fruit and giant milkweed leaves which contain secondary metabolites such as volatile, pectin, saponins and tannins. This study aims to determine the effect of zinnia flowers and the application of botanical insecticides in suppressing armyworm populations. This research was carried out in Padakkalawa, Mattirobulu District, Pinrang Regency and Universitas Hasanuddin’s Laboratory of Insect and Plant Disease Relations. The research observed pest intensity, larval population and natural enemies. The results showed that the highest attack intensity was observed in the control treatment with an average of 12.59%/plant. The highest observed larval population was in the control with an average of 2.13 individuals/plant. In observing natural enemy arthropods in all observation techniques, the highest population of natural enemy arthropods was in the combination treatment of zinnia flowers and botanical insecticides with the most species being Lasius niger or ants which was significantly different from the control treatment. The results showed that the combination of insect plants and the application of botanical pesticides had an effect on the population and attack intensity of S. frugiperda larvae and populations of natural enemy arthropods.

“…In addition, the continuous use of insecticides will cause pests to become more tolerant and give rise to new individuals that are more resistant to poisons [9]. Based on this, the management of agro-ecosystems by planting maize integrated with cover crops [10] and the application of botanical insecticides [11] is an alternative way that is environmentally friendly. Intercropping can be done by planting several cover crops, such as pintoi grass [12], desmodium [13], and purslane.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The complex of these compounds causes maja fruit to become bitter and have a pungent odor, so that insects do not like it and it can interfere with their digestive functions [19]. Meanwhile, the biduri plant contains active compounds of alkaloids, tannins, phenols, flavonoids, sterols, anthraquinones, and [20] cardenolide [11]. Cardenolide has been shown in vitro to be ovicidal and cause abnormal nymphs to hatch from eggs [11,21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity of predators and population Spodoptera frugiperda J.E Smith by application botanical insecticide and intercropping cover crops

Sulastri,

Sjam,

Sulaeha

2023

Fall armyworm or Spodoptera frugiperda J.E. Smith is one of the invasive pest in maize cultivation. Fall armyworm attacks can cause a decrease in production yields or even a loss of yields at high levels of pest investment. To control S. frugiperda populations, farmers use chemical insecticides to reduce pest populations. In Integrated pest management, preventive action needs to be taken, for example, by managing agroecosystems to increase the diversity of beneficial arthropods and as a control action by using botanical insecticides from plant extract. Therefore, this study aims to find out the effectiveness of various cover crops and application botanical insecticide to increasing the diversity of predators and decreasing S. frugiperda population. The method used in this study was descriptive experimental with a randomized group design consisting of 4 treatments of intercrop, Arachis pintoi (AMB), Portulaca oleracea (PMB), Desmodium triflorum (DMB) and without intercrop as control (MB), all of which were sprayed with botanical insecticides with concentration 5%. As a comparison, observations will be made on the farmer treatment. Data analysis for used ANOVA and those that were significantly different were tested futher with Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. The results showed that the diversity index of predators on AMB was significantly higher than other treatments, while the S. frugiperda population at 8 observations was found most in the MB and farmer treatments but had no significant difference with the other treatments. The attack intensity of S. frugiperda on cover crops and botanical insecticide treatment showed lower results and was significantly different compared to MB and farmer treatment. Our results also show the index value of arthropod diversity in the AMB treatment is higher than the other treatments. We can conclude that agroecosystem management with combination of intercropping cover crops and application botanical insecticide can increase the diversity of predators and decrease population and attack intensity of S. frugiperda in maize cultivation.