Ovogenesis during sexual maturity. The first stage, mitosis in the germinal epithelium, as shown by the colchicine technique

Allen, E. J.; Creadick, Robert N.

doi:10.1002/ar.1090690209

Cited by 47 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…It is conceivable that stored oestrogen caused the growth of ova. Formation of new oocytes or proliferation of the ger¬ minal epithelium in the oestrous-stage of the cycle has been described in several species of animals (Evans & Swezy, 1931;Allen & Creadick, 1937;Bullough, 1942;Schmidt & Hoffmann, 1941;Everett, 1942). However, we should then be compelled to assume a special marked sensitivity of the ova to oestrogen, whereas the primordial follicles would be less sensitive.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Hypophysectomy and of Subsequent Treatment With Chorionic Gonadotrophin on Follicles of Different Size in the Ovary of the Rat

Paesi¹

1949

Acta Endocrinologica

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Hypophysectomy and of Subsequent Treatment With Chorionic Gonadotrophin on Follicles of Different Size in the Ovary of the Rat

Paesi¹

1949

Acta Endocrinologica

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“…Neo-oogenesis in adult mice, described in 1920' and 1930' [78,101], was in 2004 confirmed by another group of investigators using several lines of evidence [91]. The authors argued that the fetal germline stem cells do not disappear at birth but persist in adult mouse ovaries [91].…”

Section: Immune System and In Vivo Regulation Of Ovarian Functionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Immunoregulation of follicular renewal, selection, POF, and menopause in vivo, vs. neo-oogenesis in vitro, POF and ovarian infertility treatment, and a clinical trial

Bukovský

Caudle

2012

Reprod Biol Endocrinol

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The immune system plays an important role in the regulation of tissue homeostasis ("tissue immune physiology"). Function of distinct tissues during adulthood, including the ovary, requires (1) Renewal from stem cells, (2) Preservation of tissue-specific cells in a proper differentiated state, which differs among distinct tissues, and (3) Regulation of tissue quantity. Such morphostasis can be executed by the tissue control system, consisting of immune system-related components, vascular pericytes, and autonomic innervation. Morphostasis is established epigenetically, during morphogenetic (developmental) immune adaptation, i.e., during the critical developmental period. Subsequently, the tissues are maintained in a state of differentiation reached during the adaptation by a “stop effect” of resident and self renewing monocyte-derived cells. The later normal tissue is programmed to emerge (e.g., late emergence of ovarian granulosa cells), the earlier its function ceases. Alteration of certain tissue differentiation during the critical developmental period causes persistent alteration of that tissue function, including premature ovarian failure (POF) and primary amenorrhea. In fetal and adult human ovaries the ovarian surface epithelium cells called ovarian stem cells (OSC) are bipotent stem cells for the formation of ovarian germ and granulosa cells. Recently termed oogonial stem cells are, in reality, not stem but already germ cells which have the ability to divide. Immune system-related cells and molecules accompany asymmetric division of OSC resulting in the emergence of secondary germ cells, symmetric division, and migration of secondary germ cells, formation of new granulosa cells and fetal and adult primordial follicles (follicular renewal), and selection and growth of primary/preantral, and dominant follicles. The number of selected follicles during each ovarian cycle is determined by autonomic innervation. Morphostasis is altered with advancing age, due to degenerative changes of the immune system. This causes cessation of oocyte and follicular renewal at 38 +/-2 years of age due to the lack of formation of new granulosa cells. Oocytes in primordial follicles persisting after the end of the prime reproductive period accumulate genetic alterations resulting in an exponentially growing incidence of fetal trisomies and other genetic abnormalities with advanced maternal age. The secondary germ cells also develop in the OSC cultures derived from POF and aging ovaries. In vitro conditions are free of immune mechanisms, which prevent neo-oogenesis in vivo. Such germ cells are capable of differentiating in vitro into functional oocytes. This may provide fresh oocytes and genetically related children to women lacking the ability to produce their own follicular oocytes. Further study of "immune physiology" may help us to better understand ovarian physiology and pathology, including ovarian infertility caused by POF or by a lack of ovarian follicles with functional oocytes in aging ovaries. The observations indicating...

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“…In contrast, that adult female mammals could produce primordial follicles during sexual maturity was first proposed by Allen (1923; also see Bukovsky and Caudle, 2012). Despite an array of studies in the first half of the 20th century (Butcher, 1927;Hargitt, 1930;Risley, 1934;Allen and Creadick, 1937;Forbes, 1940;Duke, 1941Duke, , 1944 that described the common origin of male and female germ cells from germinal epithelia in several species of reptiles and mammals, Waldeyer's position became dominant. In this view, the mammalian germinal epithelium supports gametogenesis, but new oogonia are not derived directly from it.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conserved form and function of the germinal epithelium through 500 million years of vertebrate evolution

Grier

Uribe

Nostro

et al. 2016

Journal of Morphology

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The germinal epithelium, i.e., the site of germ cell production in males and females, has maintained a constant form and function throughout 500 million years of vertebrate evolution. The distinguishing characteristic of germinal epithelia among all vertebrates, males, and females, is the presence of germ cells among somatic epithelial cells. The somatic epithelial cells, Sertoli cells in males or follicle (granulosa) cells in females, encompass and isolate germ cells. Morphology of all vertebrate germinal epithelia conforms to the standard definition of an epithelium: epithelial cells are interconnected, border a body surface or lumen, are avascular and are supported by a basement membrane. Variation in morphology of gonads, which develop from the germinal epithelium, is correlated with the evolution of reproductive modes. In hagfishes, lampreys, and elasmobranchs, the germinal epithelia of males produce spermatocysts. A major rearrangement of testis morphology diagnoses osteichthyans: the spermatocysts are arranged in tubules or lobules. In protogynous (female to male) sex reversal in teleost fishes, female germinal epithelial cells (prefollicle cells) and oogonia transform into the first male somatic cells (Sertoli cells) and spermatogonia in the developing testis lobules. This common origin of cell types from the germinal epithelium in fishes with protogynous sex reversal supports the homology of Sertoli cells and follicle cells. Spermatogenesis in amphibians develops within spermatocysts in testis lobules. In amniotes vertebrates, the testis is composed of seminiferous tubules wherein spermatogenesis occurs radially. Emerging research indicates that some mammals do not have lifetime determinate fecundity. The fact emerged that germinal epithelia occur in the gonads of all vertebrates examined herein of both sexes and has the same form and function across all vertebrate taxa. Continued study of the form and function of the germinal epithelium in vertebrates will increasingly clarify our understanding of vertebrate reproduction. J. Morphol. 277:1014-1044, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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Ovogenesis during sexual maturity. The first stage, mitosis in the germinal epithelium, as shown by the colchicine technique

Cited by 47 publications

References 3 publications

The Influence of Hypophysectomy and of Subsequent Treatment With Chorionic Gonadotrophin on Follicles of Different Size in the Ovary of the Rat

The Influence of Hypophysectomy and of Subsequent Treatment With Chorionic Gonadotrophin on Follicles of Different Size in the Ovary of the Rat

Immunoregulation of follicular renewal, selection, POF, and menopause in vivo, vs. neo-oogenesis in vitro, POF and ovarian infertility treatment, and a clinical trial

Conserved form and function of the germinal epithelium through 500 million years of vertebrate evolution

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