Ovule Packaging in Stochastic Pollination and Fertilization Environments

Burd, Martin

doi:10.1111/j.1558-5646.1995.tb05962.x

Cited by 97 publications

(100 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…O aumento significativo da produção de frutos e da fecundidade após polinização cruzada manual em relação às condições naturais pode indicar limitação nos níveis de polinização natural (Stephenson 1981;Burd 1995). Tal limitação poderia ser pela escassez de polinizadores e/ou pelo transporte inadequado de pólen compatível, visto que 30% das espécies visitantes apresentaram comportamento pilhador.…”

Section: Polinização Cruzadaunclassified

Sistema reprodutivo e polinização de Senna multijuga (Fabaceae) em Mata Atlântica Montana

Wolowski

Freitas

2010

Rodriguésia

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ResumoO conhecimento da biologia reprodutiva e polinização de árvores neotropicais vêm aumentando nas últimas décadas. No entanto, ainda é incipiente para a Mata Atlântica e muitas questões persistem, por exemplo, sobre a prevalência de autoincompatibilidade. A biologia floral, o sistema reprodutivo e os visitantes florais de Senna multijuga foram estudados, com o objetivo de verificar a ocorrência de autoincompatibilidade e determinar seus polinizadores. A espécie apresenta características florais típicas do gênero, como flores assimétricas, enantiostilia, heteranteria e deiscência poricida. A antese é diurna e a viabilidade do pólen não diferiu entre os morfos de anteras. Os polinizadores foram abelhas dos gêneros Bombus, Epicharis, Centris e Xylocopa e abelhas menores atuaram como pilhadores de pólen. A reprodução sexual em S. multijuga depende da transferência de pólen pelos polinizadores, pois não foram formados frutos por apomixia ou autopolinização. Este último resultado pode ser devido à depressão por endogamia ou a um mecanismo de autoincompatibilidade de ação tardia, uma vez que houve aborto uniforme de pistilos e penetração de tubos polínicos nos óvulos após autopolinização. Diferença na fecundidade após polinização manual e em condições naturais indica que a limitação polínica afeta o sucesso reprodutivo feminino, assim como a disponibilidade de recursos. Palavras-chave: autoincompatibilidade de ação tardia, depressão por endogamia, flor de pólen, polinização. AbstractKnowledge of reproductive biology and pollination of Neotropical tree species has been increasing in recent decades. However, this is still incipient in the Atlantic Forest, and many questions remain, for instance, about the prevalence of self-incompatibility. We studied the floral biology, breeding system and floral visitors of Senna multijuga in order to verify the occurrence of self-incompatibility and determine its pollinators. This species bears the typical floral traits of the genus, such as asymmetry, enantiostily, heteranthery and poricid anthers. Anthesis is diurnal and pollen viability did not differ among the morphs of anthers. Pollinators were bees of the genera Bombus, Epicharis, Centris and Xylocopa and smaller bees acted as pollen thieves. Sexual reproduction of Senna multijuga depends on the transfer of pollen by pollinators, as no fruit was formed by either apomixis or self-pollination. The latter result may be due to inbreeding depression or by a mechanism of late-acting selfincompatibility, as we observed after self-pollination both penetration of pollen tubes in the ovules and uniform abortion of pistils. Differences on fertility after manual crossings and under natural conditions indicate that female fitness is affected by pollen limitation, as well as by the availability of resources.

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Section: Polinização Cruzadaunclassified

Sistema reprodutivo e polinização de Senna multijuga (Fabaceae) em Mata Atlântica Montana

Wolowski

Freitas

2010

Rodriguésia

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“…In contrast to variance reduction adaptations, most of the causes of diminishing returns after pollination involve female traits, including limited stigma capacity for pollen receipt, limited style capacity for transmission of pollen tubes, and limited ovule number. For example, Burd (1995) demonstrated theoretically that stochastic pollination may affect the evolution of production of "excess" ovules as a bet-hedging strategy to take advantage of occasional receipt of many pollen grains. In contrast, we found that greater ovule numbers generally aggravated variance limitation of seed production (compare curves in fig.…”

Section: Consequences Of Variation In Pollen Dispersalmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Finally, stochastic variation in pollen removal, loss, and deposition as individual pollinators carry pollen from one flower or plant to others can arise from differing pollinator position and visit duration and from variation in stigma and anther positions (Lertzman and Gass 1983;Waser and Price 1984;Thomson 1986;Morris et al 1994;Cresswell 1999). Curiously, although the causes of variation in pollen dispersal are widely recognized, its ecological and evolutionary consequences have received little attention (although see Lertzman and Gass 1983;Galen and Rotenberry 1988;Burd 1995;Harder and Wilson 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation in Pollination: Causes and Consequences for Plant Reproduction

Richards¹,

Williams²,

Harder³

2009

The American Naturalist

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Additional information:Use policyThe full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that:• a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders.Please consult the full DRO policy for further details. abstract: Pollen dispersal by animals varies extensively because of differences in pollinator visitation rates among plants, dissimilar pollination by the various pollinators that visit individual plants, and stochastic variation in deposition as an individual pollinator disperses a plant's pollen to subsequently visited recipient flowers. Such variation reduces expected female and male success if seed production decelerates with increasing pollen receipt, because less than average receipt diminishes mean seed production more than copious pollination increases it (Jensen's inequality). We report empirical studies of the nature and magnitude of pollen dispersal variance, which provide the basis for a numerical model of the consequences of dispersal for expected seed production. Model fitting revealed that dispersal of Brassica napus pollen by bumblebees and especially butterflies exhibited much more variation than is expected of a binomial process and was best modeled as a beta-binomial process with a constant mean. Overdispersion arose primarily during pollen dispersal by individual insects, since differences between individuals of the same pollinator type were limited. Our model revealed variance limitation as a previously unrecognized, substantial, and ubiquitous component of pollen limitation of seed production. Variance limitation should select for floral traits that increase pollinator visitation, reduce dispersal variance, or reduce the postpollination nonlinearities that cause Jensen's inequality.

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“…evolution toward self-compatibility or anemophily (wind pollination), can mitigate limitations of pollen dispersal (reviewed by Knight et al 2005). For example, Burd's (1995) ovule packaging model proposes the evolutionary adaptation of producing excess ovules per flower where pollen receipt is unpredictable, as a form of bet hedging. Here, the fitness benefits of ovule overproduction are greatest where stigmatic pollen loads are variable and the costs of ovules are low (Burd 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, Burd's (1995) ovule packaging model proposes the evolutionary adaptation of producing excess ovules per flower where pollen receipt is unpredictable, as a form of bet hedging. Here, the fitness benefits of ovule overproduction are greatest where stigmatic pollen loads are variable and the costs of ovules are low (Burd 1995). Documentation of pollen limitation and low reproductive success in dioecious plants with abiotic pollination is rare, and is often investigated using species in areas of fragmented habitats or low plant density (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Where a male is hard to find: consequences of male rarity in the surfgrass Phyllospadix torreyi

Buckel

Blanchette²,

Warner³

et al. 2012

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Determining whether seed production is limited by pollen availability has been an area of intensive study. Past studies have focused largely on terrestrial species with biotic pollination modes, but precise causes and consequences of pollen limitation remain unknown. Here, sex ratio, seed production, seed recruitment, and viability were examined in intertidal populations of a dioecious, abiotically pollinated marine angiosperm, Phyllospadix torreyi (Torrey's surfgrass). Using field surveys and a common garden experiment, this study was conducted near Santa Barbara, California, USA, from 2007 to 2008. Reproduction and recruitment of P. torreyi primarily occur near the parental source (tens of meters) because female reproductive success ratio (RSR, measured as the ratio of fertilized ovules to total ovules) increased with local pollen production (RSR range: 0.02−0.71), and seed recruitment was predicted by local (site) seed production and elevation zone within the intertidal. Low RSR at sites with extreme male rarity (< 0.3 male flowering shoots m −2 ) suggests that pollen limitation is occurring within this system. Seed recruitment was predicted by local (site) seed production and elevation zone (area of potential seed recruitment within the intertidal). The occurrence of seed production and recruitment at sites with extreme male rarity suggests some dispersal of seeds and pollen extending beyond the immediate vicinity of the site. Pollen or seed dispersal over longer distances, although rare, may reduce habitat fragmentation by facilitating colonization of newly available habitat. Localized pollen availability affected seed quantity but not quality; seed germination and growth were uniform among sites.

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Ovule Packaging in Stochastic Pollination and Fertilization Environments

Cited by 97 publications

References 78 publications

Sistema reprodutivo e polinização de Senna multijuga (Fabaceae) em Mata Atlântica Montana

Sistema reprodutivo e polinização de Senna multijuga (Fabaceae) em Mata Atlântica Montana

Variation in Pollination: Causes and Consequences for Plant Reproduction

Where a male is hard to find: consequences of male rarity in the surfgrass Phyllospadix torreyi

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