Owls of EuropeHeimo Mikkola T. and A.D. Poyser, 1983, £16·80

Burton, John A.

doi:10.1017/s0030605300019141

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…Several warbler species, most notably Blackcap Sylvia atricapilla and Common Chiffchaff Phylloscopus collybita , which breed in Europe but traditionally winter in Iberia or North Africa, have become increasingly frequent winter visitors to the UK over the past decade (Brown & Grice 2005). There is good evidence to suggest that, for Blackcap at least, the majority of these are continental birds taking advantage of the increasingly warm winter conditions , and it is possible that a small proportion of some British warbler populations may even have ceased to migrate completely and become resident (Clark et al .…”

Section: Patterns Of Distribution and Population Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of climate change on the abundance, distribution and phenology of woodland bird species in temperate regions

Leech¹,

Crick

2007

Ibis

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There is now overwhelming evidence that an increase in the concentration of greenhouse gases in the Earth's atmosphere has caused global temperatures to increase by 0.6 ° C since 1900 and further increases of between 1.4 and 5.8 ° C are predicted over the next century. Changes in climatic conditions have already influenced the demography, phenology and distribution of a wide range of plant and animal taxa. This review focuses on the impacts, both observed and potential, of climate change on birds breeding in temperate woodlands of the Western Palaearctic, a significant proportion of which are currently declining. Changes in ambient temperatures and patterns of precipitation may have direct and indirect effects on the survival rates and productivity of bird species, thus influencing population sizes. For some species or populations, the timing of events such as egg-laying and return from the wintering grounds is also changing in relation to shifts in the peak of food availability during the breeding season. The degree to which different individuals are able to track these temporal changes will have a significant bearing on population sizes and distributions in the future. Unless active management steps are taken, the relatively low dispersal rates of tree species may lead to a decrease in the total area of some woodland habitat types as losses at the southern edge of the range are likely to occur much more quickly than expansion at the northern edge. In addition, the dispersal rates of many woodland birds are themselves low, which could affect their ability to move to new habitat patches if currently occupied areas become unsuitable. Thus, woodland birds may be particularly susceptible to the impacts of climate change.

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Section: Patterns Of Distribution and Population Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of climate change on the abundance, distribution and phenology of woodland bird species in temperate regions

Leech¹,

Crick

2007

Ibis

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“…This suggests that the soil can be an important source of spores, which ground-foraging birds can pick up. Thrushes dislodge the ground leaf litter to look for invertebrates (Brown & Grice, 2005), and in doing so may come into contact with infested raindrops. These birds, therefore, may be more likely to collect spores than birds that live almost exclusively in the canopy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…plantations-from open ground to bushes or trees (Brown & Grice, 2005), making this species a candidate to collect spores from the environment and potentially pass them to the other species. However, the three birds were caught within a 2-week period in the middle of November (Table A1) and it is unlikely that they could have passed any spores to migratory species, such as Redwing and Fieldfare, which have the potential to spread propagules throughout Britain at that time of year.…”

Section: Ta B L E 2 Number Of Birds Sampled Per Each Month Across Allmentioning

confidence: 99%

Migratory passerine birds in Britain carry Phytophthora ramorum inoculum on their feathers and “feet” at low frequency

et al. 2019

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In this study, we investigated whether birds could be vectors facilitating long‐distance spread of Phytophthora ramorum in Britain. Migratory bird species associated with the main sporangium‐producing host plants and most likely to pick up P. ramorum spores were considered. Swabs were taken from the flank and “feet” of 1,014 birds over a 12‐month period (April 2011–March 2012) in the west of Britain and subsequently analyzed for the presence of P. ramorum using nested PCR. Ten positive samples from 10 birds were identified: three in Cornwall, one in Devon, three in Gloucestershire, two in north Wales and one in Merseyside. Phytophthora ramorum was detected on samples from four species of thrushes (Redwing Turdus iliacus, Fieldfare T. pilaris, Blackbird T. merula and Song Thrush T. philomelos) and one species of warbler (Chiffchaff Phylloscopus collybita). All birds that tested positive were sampled in late autumn and winter (October–February), when long‐distance movements (over 100 km) would have stopped. The low incidence of P. ramorum found using PCR suggests that the incidence of inoculum, whether viable or not, on birds was low. The apparently low incidence of inoculum on birds suggests migratory passerine birds can carry P. ramorum inoculum on their feathers and “feet,” albeit at low frequency. The dates of positive samples indicate that birds would not have been moving long distances at the time but further work is needed to estimate the extent of their contribution to the spread of P. ramorum in Britain.

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“…Both are insectivorous and nest on the ground, preferring open-ground habitats. Historically, they occurred primarily on heathland, in woodland clearings, on downland, at the interface between woodlands and the open-ground habitats and, in the case of Woodlark, on rough pastureland (Holloway 1996, Brown & Grice 2005. Their distributions are mostly associated with light sandy soils in lowland Britain (Sitters 1986, Gibbons et al .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Woodlark's range has also contracted on farmland and chalk downland. Formerly, the Nightjar occurred widely throughout Britain and Ireland, whereas the Woodlark always had a more southerly distribution, largely restricted to England and Wales, and was only a very local resident in Ireland (Thom 1986, Hutchinson 1989, Holloway 1996, Brown & Grice 2005. Both species had already shown marked range contraction, and presumably therefore declines in numbers, by the time of the first Atlas of breeding birds (Sharrock 1976), and further range contractions were indicated in the second Atlas (Gibbons et al .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Nightjar Caprimulgus europaeus and Woodlark Lullula arborea– recovering species in Britain?

Langston

Wotton

Wright

et al. 2007

Ibis

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The Nightjar Caprimulgus europaeus and Woodlark Lullula arborea are identified as species of conservation concern at both a UK and a European level on account of historical declines in their population sizes and ranges. The UK populations of both species have increased significantly in recent decades and this paper reviews the extent, nature and causes of these population changes, based on evidence from national surveys and autecological studies. It also considers the future prospects of both species in the face of likely changes to their preferred habitats in Britain. Nightjar numbers have increased greatly since the national survey in 1981, when the British population was estimated at only 2100 churring males, with an estimated 3400 in 1992 and 4606 (± 913) in 2004. Population recovery has been closely associated with their colonization of clear‐fell areas in planted forests. Over 57% of the calling (‘churring’) males recorded were in planted forests in 2004. Woodlark numbers have also made a substantial recovery from a low level of just 250 territories in 1986 to 1426–1552 territories in 1997. Over 85% of the Woodlark territories recorded in 1997 were on heathland or in planted forests. Despite these increases, both species continue to occupy only part of their much more extensive former breeding ranges. The recovery of these species has coincided with the availability of suitable open ground habitat resulting from the felling of forests planted in the late 1920s and 1930s, often on former heathland habitats, the clearance and restocking of areas damaged by storms in October 1987 and January 1990 and the restoration of heathland habitats. Forests and heathlands support the majority of the breeding populations of Nightjars and Woodlarks, although there are regional variations in their relative importance. The prospects for further recovery may be limited due to a reduction of open ground habitat following restocking of planted forests, including those damaged in the storms of 1987 and 1990, the effects of recreational disturbance and, at least locally, poor Woodlark breeding productivity due to predation.

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Owls of EuropeHeimo Mikkola T. and A.D. Poyser, 1983, £16·80

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Influence of climate change on the abundance, distribution and phenology of woodland bird species in temperate regions

Influence of climate change on the abundance, distribution and phenology of woodland bird species in temperate regions

Migratory passerine birds in Britain carry Phytophthora ramorum inoculum on their feathers and “feet” at low frequency

Nightjar Caprimulgus europaeus and Woodlark Lullula arborea– recovering species in Britain?

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