Own Value System, Value Images,and Cigarette Smoking

Abstract

It has been suggested that smoking among young people results from a need to confirm self-images and thus is more likely to be adopted by those whose self-images are similar to images of smokers. Conversely, nonsmoking is expected to occur among those whose self-images are similar to images of nonsmokers. This study investigates the similarity between value images of smokers and nonsmokers and the terminal and instrumental value systems of junior high school students and recent high school graduates. Overall, the respondents' value systems were considerably more similar to images of nonsmokers than to images of smokers. However, for both age groups, those identified as smokers or potential smokers were more similar to images of smokers than were nonsmokers. Moreover, potential smokers were less similar to images of nonsmokers than were nonsmokers or smokers. Unexpectedly, these latter groups did not differ significantly in their similarity to images of nonsmokers. These results partially replicate previous findings and generally support the hypotheses.

Personal Values, Advertising, and Smoking Motivation in Taiwanese Adolescents

“…Indeed, study participants estimated that smokers would rank the Rokeach terminal values ''an exciting life,'' ''freedom,'' ''happiness,'' ''mature love,'' and ''pleasure'' higher than would nonsmokers, and that nonsmokers would rank ''a sense of accomplishment,'' ''a world of beauty,'' ''family security,'' ''salvation,'' and ''self-respect'' higher than would smokers (Grube, Weir, Getzlaf, & Rokeach, 1984). Because they are based on third-party perceptions, however, these findings do not provide direct evidence that smokers and nonsmokers actually hold differing values.…”

‘An Empirical Investigation of the Relationships among a Consumer’s Personal Values, Ethical Ideology and Ethical Beliefs’

“…Rawwas et al, 2004;Rawwas and Isakson, 2000) although personal values are generally acknowledged to be very helpful in explaining and understanding a wide spectrum of consumer behavior across many situations (Rokeach, 1973;Schwartz, 1992). Among others, values have been used to explain purchase of organic food (Grunert and Juhl, 1995), ecological behavior (Ellen, 1994;McCarty and Shrum, 1994), cigarette smoking (Grube et al, 1984), mall shopping attitude and behavior (Shim and Eastlick, 1998), internet use (Schiffman et al, 2003), innovativeness , existence of market segments (Brangule-Vlagsma et al, 2002;Madrigal and Kahle, 1994;ter Hofstede et al, 1999), and academic dishonesty (Rawwas and Isakson, 2000;Rawwas et al, 2004).…”

Consumer Purchase Motives And Product Perceptions: A Hard Laddering Study Of Smoking Habits Of Poles

“…The number of studies using Means-End Theory in the analysis of smoking behavior is surprisingly small (Mount and Kaciak, 1993; Aurifeille and Valette-Florence, 1992a,b and 1995); we note that cigarette smoking is also investigated by Grube et al (1984), however, not from the Means-End Theory perspective. One possible explanation is that the conventional face-to-face tape-recorded laddering interviews (the so called "soft" laddering; Grunert and Grunert, 1995) are time consuming, costly, do not offer any anonymity, and are usually limited to small sample sizes that do not yield meaningful results.…”

“…Strong relations between smoking and the smoker"s self-concept have been observed by researchers (Chassin et al, 1981;Sheth et al, 1991). Smoking has often been associated with strong brand preferences (Chapman and Fitzgerald, 1982) and behavioral consequences (Grube et al, 1984). Moreover, most smokers do think about the consequences of smoking and thus their cognitive structures are already well articulated.…”