Oxacillin resistant <i>Staphlococcus aureus</i> among HIV infected and non-infected Kenyan patients

Abstract

Background: Infections due to methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA) present global challenges to clinicians since therapeutic options are limited and suboptimal dosing contributes to heightened mortality and increased length of hospital stay particularly among the HIV infected patients. Objectives: To assess the prevalence and relative risk of MRSA infections in HIV infected patients. Design: Cross sectional analytical study. Setting: Kenya Medical Research Institute, Opportunistic Infection Laboratories in Nairobi. Subjects: Four hundred and thirty six male and female patients aged one to 65 years, of whom 220 were HIV-infected and 216 were non-infected. Results: There was 436 male (57.1%) and female (42.9%) respondents. The prevalence of MRSA was 26.3% with majority infecting the HIV infected patients (P=0.046). Likewise, the overall Staphylococcal infections were more common in HIV patients (P <0.001). The common test for MRSA oxacillin disk diffusion had a sensitivity and specificity of 100% and 92%. Conclusion: HIV is a predisposing factor to Staphylococcal infection and there are indications that treatment with β-lactam antibiotics may no longer be relied on as sole empiric therapy for several ill HIV patients whose infections may be of MRSA in origin. There is need for an informed choice in administration of appropriate antibiotics in order to minimise treatment failures due to the multidrug resistance and Vanvomycin intermediate S. aureus (VISA) strains. Molecular epidemiology of MRSA strains in understanding new and emerging trends is recommended.

Vancomycin-Resistant &lt;i&gt;Staphylococcus&lt;/i&gt; aureus Isolates from HIV Positive Patients in Imo State, Nigeria

“…Antibiotic resistance represents a rapidly growing global health problem caused mainly by the use and misuse of antibiotics and spread of resistant bacteria as well as the lack of industrial development of new antibiotics [24]. Vancomycin has been the most reliable therapeutic agent against infections caused by methicillin-resistant (MRSA).…”

Identification of Potential Inhibitors Against Staphylococcus Aureus: In Silico Analysis of the LLM Gene as a Therapeutic Target

“…The regulation of methicillin-resistance staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) involve several genes, including mecl-mecR1, which are located upstream of mecA and control the expression of PBP2A (Yu et al, 2019). Additionally the blal gene in uence the transcription of the mecA gene in S.aureus and apart from the mec locus, other genes such as llm and fem play a crucial role in methicillin resistance in S.aureus (Ouko et al, 2010).…”

Predominance of PVL-negative community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus sequence type 8 in newly diagnosed HIV-infected adults, Tanzania

“…Despite the fact that nasal colonization with Staphylococcus aureus /MRSA is a risk factor for invasive infection in HIV-infected individuals, there are few countries in an African setting, Botswana, Ethiopia, Nigeria, and South Africa, which have reported carriage of MRSA among HIV-infected individuals [ 8 – 11 ]. These reports have focused on prevalence and risk factors of Staphylococcus aureus and MRSA using either conventional or PCR-based methods for detection and characterization of MRSA isolates.…”