Oxalate contributes to the resistance of Gaillardia grandiflora and Lupinus sericeus to a phytotoxin produced by Centaurea maculosa

Weir, Tiffany L.; Bais, Harsh P.; Stull, Valerie J.; Callaway, Ragan M.; Thelen, Giles C.; Ridenour, Wendy M.; Bhamidi, Suresh; Stermitz, Frank R.; Vivanco, Jorge M.

doi:10.1007/s00425-005-0192-x

Cited by 71 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…4) of each strain on gallotannin as the sole carbon source. tance of native plants against invader toxins (Weir et al, 2006). Our work showed that the gallotannin content was higher in exotic P. australis populations relative to natives and that both native plants and microbes produce tannase activity that liberates gallic acid from gallotannins.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 67%

Native Plant and Microbial Contributions to a Negative Plant-Plant Interaction

et al. 2009

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A number of hypotheses have been suggested to explain why invasive exotic plants dramatically increase their abundance upon transport to a new range. The novel weapons hypothesis argues that phytotoxins secreted by roots of an exotic plant are more effective against naïve resident competitors in the range being invaded. The common reed Phragmites australis has a diverse population structure including invasive populations that are noxious weeds in North America. P. australis exudes the common phenolic gallic acid, which restricts the growth of native plants. However, the pathway for free gallic acid production in soils colonized by P. australis requires further elucidation. Here, we show that exotic, invasive P. australis contain elevated levels of polymeric gallotannin relative to native, noninvasive P. australis. We hypothesized that polymeric gallotannin can be attacked by tannase, an enzymatic activity produced by native plant and microbial community members, to release gallic acid in the rhizosphere and exacerbate the noxiousness of P. australis. Native plants and microbes were found to produce high levels of tannase while invasive P. australis produced very little tannase. These results suggest that both invasive and native species participate in signaling events that initiate the execution of allelopathy potentially linking native plant and microbial biochemistry to the invasive traits of an exotic species.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 67%

Native Plant and Microbial Contributions to a Negative Plant-Plant Interaction

et al. 2009

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“…For instance, several plants such as buckwheat, taro and rice exude and/or accumulate oxalate in vivo to cope with aluminum and lead toxicity (Ma & Miyasaka 1998;Yang et al, 2000). More importantly, oxalates can serve as an antioxidant to quench the oxidative burst during plant response to pathogen attacks (Cessna et al, 2000;Weir et al, 2006). A molecular genetic analysis confirmed a long-held hypothesis that calcium oxalate crystals act as an effective defense against chewing insects (Korth et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Effect of Nitrogen Source, Crop Maturity Stage and Storage Conditions on Phenolics and Oxalate Contents in Vegetable Amaranth (Amaranthus hypochondriacus)

Onyango¹,

Harbinson²,

Imungi³

et al. 2012

JAS

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This study was designed to assess the effect of Diammonium Phosphate (DAP) fertilizer and cattle manure on the accumulation of total phenolics, quercetin and oxalates during growth and storage of vegetable amaranth (var. Amaranthus hypochondriacus L). Field trials were set up at the University of Nairobi Field Station-Upper Kabete Campus, Kenya during the long (March -May) rains of 2007 and 2008. Trials were laid out in a randomized complete block design with four fertilization treatments: 20, 40, and 60kg N.ha -1 supplied by DAP (18:46:0), cattle manure (40 kg Nha -1 ) and an unfertilized control variant. The vegetables were harvested at 6, 7, and 8 weeks after planting and either refrigerated (4+1 o C) or stored at ambient temperature (20+3 o C) for a period of 4 days. The vegetables were then analyzed for total phenolic, quercetin, total and soluble oxalates content before and after storage. The total phenolic content decreased with increasing N, the extent of decrease depended on the level and source of N. DAP at 20kg Nha -1 had the same effect on the phenolic content as that of cattle manure at 40kg Nha -1 . The levels of phenolics and quercetin increased with crop maturity while the converse was true for the oxalate content. During refrigeration, levels of phenolics increased whereas those of oxalates did not change appreciably. There was a decrease in phenolics content during storage at ambient temperatures. The vegetable amaranth accumulates higher levels of total phenolic and quercetin when grown with manure than with DAP for similar levels of N. Total phenolics and quercetin levels increased, while that of oxalates decreased, with maturity of the vegetables. The accumulation of oxalates during the periods considered normal for growth are low enough to maintain their levels within safe limits for human consumption. Storage of the fresh vegetables at 4 o C for limited periods improves their quality by increasing total phenolics and quercetin contents that also fulfill beneficial health functions in the human body.

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“…S. costatum may also metabolize or degrade allelopathic compounds released by K. brevis, a strategy used by the fungal pathogen Septoria lycopersici in response to the defensive compounds of the tomato plant (Bouarab et al 2002). Finally, S. costatum may produce compounds counteracting the physiological damage of allelopathy, observed for two plants responding to the allelopathic plant Centaurea maculosa ( Weir et al 2006).…”

Section: Discussion (A) Skeletonema Costatum Undermines Allelopathy Omentioning

confidence: 99%

Competing phytoplankton undermines allelopathy of a bloom-forming dinoflagellate

et al. 2008

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Biotic interactions in the plankton can be both complex and dynamic. Competition among phytoplankton is often chemically mediated, but no studies have considered whether allelopathic compounds are modified by biotic interactions. Here, we show that compounds exuded during Karenia brevis blooms were allelopathic to the cosmopolitan diatom Skeletonema costatum, but that bloom allelopathy varied dramatically among collections and years. We investigated several possible causes of this variability and found that neither bloom density nor concentrations of water-borne brevetoxins correlated with allelopathic potency. However, when we directly tested whether the presence of competing phytoplankton influenced bloom allelopathy, we found that S. costatum reduced the growth-inhibiting effects of bloom exudates, suggesting that S. costatum has a mechanism for undermining K. brevis allelopathy. Additional laboratory experiments indicated that inducible changes to K. brevis allelopathy were restricted to two diatoms among five sensitive phytoplankton species, whereas five other species were constitutively resistant to K. brevis allelopathy. Our results suggest that competitors differ in their responses to phytoplankton allelopathy, with S. costatum exhibiting a previously undescribed method of resistance that may influence community structure and alter bloom dynamics.

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Oxalate contributes to the resistance of Gaillardia grandiflora and Lupinus sericeus to a phytotoxin produced by Centaurea maculosa

Cited by 71 publications

References 40 publications

Native Plant and Microbial Contributions to a Negative Plant-Plant Interaction

Native Plant and Microbial Contributions to a Negative Plant-Plant Interaction

Effect of Nitrogen Source, Crop Maturity Stage and Storage Conditions on Phenolics and Oxalate Contents in Vegetable Amaranth (Amaranthus hypochondriacus)

Competing phytoplankton undermines allelopathy of a bloom-forming dinoflagellate

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