Oxalic Acid as a Sucking Inhibitor of the Brown Planthopper in Rice (Delphacidae, Homoptera)

Yoshihara, Toshio; Sogawa, Kazushige; Pathak, M. D.; Juliano, B. O.; Sakamura, Sadao

doi:10.1111/j.1570-7458.1980.tb02959.x

Cited by 81 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…have lethal effects, often due to renal failure, on grazing animals (Von Burg, 1994) and humans (Hodgkinson, 1977). Soluble oxalic acid has also been shown to have inhibitory effects on sucking insects, such as planthoppers (Yoshihara et al, 1980) and aphids (Massonie, 1980). The levels of soluble oxalate in cod5 (1.0 mg g 21 dry weight) and cod6 (0.6 mg g 21 dry weight) are only slightly lower than the levels in wild-type A17 (1.4 mg g 21 dry weight), whereas the levels of insoluble calcium oxalate are dramatically lower in these cod mutants (Nakata and McConn, 2000).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Medicago truncatula Mutants Demonstrate the Role of Plant Calcium Oxalate Crystals as an Effective Defense against Chewing Insects

et al. 2006

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Calcium oxalate is the most abundant insoluble mineral found in plants and its crystals have been reported in more than 200 plant families. In the barrel medic Medicago truncatula Gaertn., these crystals accumulate predominantly in a sheath surrounding secondary veins of leaves. Mutants of M. truncatula with decreased levels of calcium oxalate crystals were used to assess the defensive role of this mineral against insects. Caterpillar larvae of the beet armyworm Spodoptera exigua Hü bner show a clear feeding preference for tissue from calcium oxalate-defective (cod) mutant lines cod5 and cod6 in choice test comparisons with wild-type M. truncatula. Compared to their performance on mutant lines, larvae feeding on wild-type plants with abundant calcium oxalate crystals suffer significantly reduced growth and increased mortality. Induction of woundresponsive genes appears to be normal in cod5 and cod6, indicating that these lines are not deficient in induced insect defenses. Electron micrographs of insect mouthparts indicate that the prismatic crystals in M. truncatula leaves act as physical abrasives during feeding. Food utilization measurements show that, after consumption, calcium oxalate also interferes with the conversion of plant material into insect biomass during digestion. In contrast to their detrimental effects on a chewing insect, calcium oxalate crystals do not negatively affect the performance of the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum Harris, a sap-feeding insect with piercing-sucking mouthparts. The results confirm a long-held hypothesis for the defensive function of these crystals and point to the potential value of genes controlling crystal formation and localization in crop plants.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Medicago truncatula Mutants Demonstrate the Role of Plant Calcium Oxalate Crystals as an Effective Defense against Chewing Insects

et al. 2006

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“…The family Polygonaceae, to which Rumex belongs, is reported to contain high levels of oxalates (Libert and Franceschi, 1987). These compounds, can act as a feeding deterrent to many herbivores (Bink, 1970(Bink, , 1986Libert and Franceschi, 1987;Yoshida et al, 1997;Yoshihara et al, 1980). Because the final-instar larvae of L. phlaeas can use R. crispus and R. acetosa, it is probable that the oxalates present in these plants have little or no harmful effect on L. phlaeas larvae and that allelochemicals may not be the reason that other Rumex species are not used as host plants.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological characteristics of the Large Copper butterfly, Lycaena dispar (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae)

Kim¹,

Hong²,

Lee³

et al. 2011

International Journal of Industrial Entomology

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To establish an indoor-rearing system for the Large Copper butterfly, Lycaena dispar and the Small Copper butterfly, Lycaena phlaeas, the effect of temperature, photoperiod and host plants on larval development was investigated. The larvae of Lycaena dispar fed on Rumex crispus, whereas the larvae of Lycaena phlaeas ate both Rumex crispus and Rumex acetosa. The duration of the larval period of Lycaena dispar was 13.8 days on R. crispus and that, of Lycaena phlaeas was 15.9 days and 15.2 days on R. acetosa and R. crispus respectively. Laboratory experiments show that the Large Copper larvae are able to feed on other Rumex species without harming their overall survival and can utilize these alternative host plants at least as efficiently as their natural host plant. This result suggests that plant chemistry is not responsible for their lack of utilization of the alternative host plants in the wild. Host plant choice by ovipositing females was measured with the two alternative hosts. Lycaena dispar preferred R. crispus to R. acetosa, wheareas Lycaena phlaeas preferred R. acetosa to R. crispus. Temperature has been proposed as an important determinant of developmental rate, lifespan and mortality in invertebrates. As temperature increased, length of the developmental period gradually decreased. The developmental period of the Large Copper larvae was 11.0 days and 28.5 days at 30 o C and 17.5 o C, respectively.

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“…(known as cobra lily) found in China and Japan, contain very high levels of calcium oxalate and are toxic. Soluble oxalates are reported to be toxic to plant hoppers 16 and other insects. High oxalate-containing grasses are reported to be toxic to grazing cattle 17,18 .…”

Section: Protection From Insect Pests and Grazing Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxalic Acid/Oxalates in Plants:From Self-Defence to Phytoremediation

Prasad¹,

Shivay²

2017

Current Science

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Oxalic Acid as a Sucking Inhibitor of the Brown Planthopper in Rice (Delphacidae, Homoptera)

Cited by 81 publications

References 8 publications

Medicago truncatula Mutants Demonstrate the Role of Plant Calcium Oxalate Crystals as an Effective Defense against Chewing Insects

Medicago truncatula Mutants Demonstrate the Role of Plant Calcium Oxalate Crystals as an Effective Defense against Chewing Insects

Physiological characteristics of the Large Copper butterfly, Lycaena dispar (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae)

Oxalic Acid/Oxalates in Plants:From Self-Defence to Phytoremediation

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