Oxalic acid for the control of varroosis in honey bee colonies – a review

Rademacher, Eva; Harz, Marika

doi:10.1051/apido:2005063

Cited by 107 publications

(104 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…In contrast, techniques for treating package bees with OA have not been investigated. A review of literature regarding the efficacy of OA (Rademacher and Harz 2006) indicates that broodless colonies are ideal for OA application. Oxalic acid does not kill mites in sealed brood cells (Schuster and Schürzinger 2003), and it is less effective when brood is present (Fuchs 1990;Gregorc and Planinc 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxalic acid: a prospective tool for reducing Varroa mite populations in package bees

Aliano

Ellis

2009

Exp Appl Acarol

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Numerous studies have investigated using oxalic acid (OA) to control Varroa mites in honey bee colonies. In contrast, techniques for treating package bees with OA have not been investigated. The goal of this study was to develop a protocol for using OA to reduce mite infestation in package bees. We made 97 mini packages of Varroa-infested adult bees. Each package contained 1,613 ± 18 bees and 92 ± 3 mites, and represented an experimental unit. We prepared a 2.8% solution of OA by mixing 35 g OA with 1 l of sugar water (sugar: water = 1:1; w:w). Eight treatments were assigned to the packages based on previous laboratory bioassays that characterized the acute contact toxicity of OA to mites and bees. We administered the treatments by spraying the OA solution directly on the bees through the mesh screen cage using a pressurized air brush and quantified mite and bee mortality over a 10-day period. Our results support applying an optimum volume of 3.0 ml of a 2.8% OA solution per 1,000 bees to packages for effective mite control with minimal adult bee mortality. The outcome of our research provides beekeepers and package bee shippers guidance for using OA to reduce mite populations in package bees.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxalic acid: a prospective tool for reducing Varroa mite populations in package bees

Aliano

Ellis

2009

Exp Appl Acarol

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“…Esse resultado também refletiu-se na redução da taxa de infestação e mortalidade nas crias de abelhas, de 89 e 92,1%, respectivamente, o que mostra que esta ocorreu em consequência da redução da população de ácaros nas colmeias. Em experimentos similares, Rademacher & Harz (2006), ao aplicar solução de 3% de ácido oxálico em água e açúcar, obtiveram mais de 90% de mortalidade de varroas. Os resultados obtidos no presente trabalho indicam que a aplicação do ácido oxálico é uma alternativa eficiente no controle do ácaro, quando aplicado em colônias no período de pouca ou nenhuma cria.…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

Produtos naturais para o controle do ácaro Varroa destructor em abelhas africanizadas

Castagnino

Orsi

2012

Pesq. agropec. bras.

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Resumo -O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos do ácido oxálico e de óleos essenciais de plantas no controle da infestação pelo ácaro Varroa destructor em colônias de Apis mellifera africanizadas. O experimento foi realizado em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em 30 colônias, com seis tratamentos e cinco repetições. As colmeias foram tratadas com óleos essenciais de arruda (Ruta graveolens), eucalipto (Eucalyptus spp.) e hortelã (Mentha piperita), além de timol, ácido oxálico e do tratamento controle sem aplicação de produtos. Foram avaliadas a mortalidade de varroas e as taxas de mortalidade de crias e de infestação de varroas em crias e em abelhas adultas, antes e depois da aplicação de cada produto. O ácido oxálico e os óleos de arruda, timol, eucalipto e de hortelã reduziram a mortalidade de crias parasitadas pelo ácaro em 92,1, 83,3, 81,7, 86,4 e 81,3%, respectivamente. O tratamento com ácido oxálico reduziu em 87,4% a infestação de varroas em abelhas adultas. O uso desses produtos é eficiente na redução da mortalidade de crias de A. mellifera parasitadas por V. destructor.Termos para indexação: Apis mellifera, ácaro, ácido oxálico, óleos essenciais. Natural products for the control of the mite Varroa destructor in Africanized beesAbstract -The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of oxalic acid and essential oils of plants on the control of Varroa destructor infestation in Africanized Apis mellifera colonies. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design, in 30 colonies, with six treatments and five replicates. Beehives were treated with essential oils of common rue (Ruta graveolens), eucalyptus (Eucalyptus spp.), and mint (Mentha piperita), besides thymol, oxalic acid, and a control treatment without product application. Varroa mite mortality levels, bee offspring mortality rate, and the varroa mite infestation rate in offspring and adult bees were evaluated before and after the application of each product. Oxalic acid and oils of common rue, thymol, eucalyptus and mint reduced significantly the mortality of offspring parasitized by this mite in 92. 1, 83.3, 81.7, 86.4, and 81.3%, respectively. The treatment with oxalic acid also reduced varroa mite infestation in adult bees in 87.4%. The use of these products is efficient in reducing the mortality of A. mellifera offspring parasitized by V. destructor.

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“…In broodless colonies, 99% efficacy was achieved with oxalic acid (Imdorf et al 1997). Due to its high efficacy, oxalic acid is thus considered as a final control treatment for the evaluation of previous colony treatments (Gregorc and Planinc 2004b) similar to coumaphos (Trouiller 1998 (Rademacher and Harz 2006). The increased resistance of mites to synthetic active ingredients has been observed (Spreafico et al 2001), and the improper use of acaricides could result in increased mortality of honey bee colony.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The acaricidal effect of flumethrin, oxalic acid and amitraz against Varroa destructor in honey bee (Apis mellifera carnica) colonies

et al. 2011

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During 2007 and 2008, natural mite mortality was recorded in honey bee colonies. These colonies were then treated with various acaricides against Varroa destructor and acaricide efficacies were evaluated. In 2007, experimental colonies were treated with flumethrin and/or oxalic acid and in 2008 the same colonies were treated with flumethrin, oxalic acid or amitraz. The efficacy of flumethrin in 2007 averaged 73.62% compared to 70.12% for three oxalic acid treatments. In 2008, a reduction of 12.52% in mite numbers was found 4 weeks after flumethrin application, while 4 oxalic acid applications produced significantly higher (P < 0.05) mite mortality, an average of 24.13%. Four consecutive amitraz fumigations produced a 93.82% reduction on average in final mite numbers and thus ensure normal colony development and overwintering. The study is important in order to demonstrate that synthetic acaricides should be constantly re-evaluated and the use of flumethrin at low efficacies need to be superseded by appropriate organic treatments to increase the efficacy of mite control in highly-infested colonies during the period of brood rearing.

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Oxalic acid for the control of varroosis in honey bee colonies – a review

Cited by 107 publications

References 14 publications

Oxalic acid: a prospective tool for reducing Varroa mite populations in package bees

Oxalic acid: a prospective tool for reducing Varroa mite populations in package bees

Produtos naturais para o controle do ácaro Varroa destructor em abelhas africanizadas

The acaricidal effect of flumethrin, oxalic acid and amitraz against Varroa destructor in honey bee (Apis mellifera carnica) colonies

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