Oxidant and Antioxidant Parameters in the Treatment of Meningitis

Ayçicek, Ali; İşcan, Akın; Erel, Özcan; Akçalı, Mustafa; Ocak, Ali Rıza

doi:10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2007.04.002

Cited by 20 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Reactive oxygen species, such as superoxide anion (O 2 Ϫ ), hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), and hydroxyl radicals, are produced by brain resident immune cells as part of the host response to invasive bacterial infections (27). Pneumococci themselves are also an important source of H 2 O 2 , which not only is able to cause direct cytotoxic damage but also interacts with host NO to form the highly reactive species peroxynitrite (ONOO Ϫ ) (37,63,198).…”

Section: Oxidative Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pneumococci themselves are also an important source of H 2 O 2 , which not only is able to cause direct cytotoxic damage but also interacts with host NO to form the highly reactive species peroxynitrite (ONOO Ϫ ) (37,63,198). When present in large quantities, ROS overwhelm the resident antioxidant mechanisms (such as superoxide dismutase and glutathione), leading to tissue exposure to oxidative stress (27). Interventions aimed at scavenging ROS or enhancing antioxidant activity have generally resulted in reductions of intracranial complications such as elevated ICP, increased CBF, brain edema, and neuronal injury (242,436).…”

Section: Oxidative Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pathogenesis and Pathophysiology of Pneumococcal Meningitis

et al. 2011

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SUMMARY Pneumococcal meningitis continues to be associated with high rates of mortality and long-term neurological sequelae. The most common route of infection starts by nasopharyngeal colonization by Streptococcus pneumoniae , which must avoid mucosal entrapment and evade the host immune system after local activation. During invasive disease, pneumococcal epithelial adhesion is followed by bloodstream invasion and activation of the complement and coagulation systems. The release of inflammatory mediators facilitates pneumococcal crossing of the blood-brain barrier into the brain, where the bacteria multiply freely and trigger activation of circulating antigen-presenting cells and resident microglial cells. The resulting massive inflammation leads to further neutrophil recruitment and inflammation, resulting in the well-known features of bacterial meningitis, including cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis, cochlear damage, cerebral edema, hydrocephalus, and cerebrovascular complications. Experimental animal models continue to further our understanding of the pathophysiology of pneumococcal meningitis and provide the platform for the development of new adjuvant treatments and antimicrobial therapy. This review discusses the most recent views on the pathophysiology of pneumococcal meningitis, as well as potential targets for (adjunctive) therapy.

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Section: Oxidative Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Oxidative Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogenesis and Pathophysiology of Pneumococcal Meningitis

et al. 2011

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“…The mechanisms of CNS injury during infection are complex. It has been indicated that oxidative stress and antioxidant imbalance play a central role in the pathophysiology of meningitis (36)(37)(38). Recently, Liu et al (13) reported that the serum levels of UA in patients with various types of CNS infections were significantly lower compared with those in normal subjects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low uric acid level increases the risk of infectious mononucleosis and this effect is more pronounced in women

et al. 2017

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Abstract. Infectious mononucleosis (IM) due to Epstein-Barr virus infection is common. Uric acid (UA) is an important endogenous antioxidant. To the best of our knowledge, the association between UA and IM has not been comprehensively investigated to date. The aim of the present study was to investigate this association in Chinese patients. A total of 95 patients (47 men and 48 women) with IM were recruited, along with 95 healthy controls. Clinical data were classified by patient sex. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was adopted to determine the cut-off values of UA for IM diagnosis and prediction. Crude and adjusted odds ratios (ORs) of UA for IM were analyzed by binary logistic regression. The UA levels were significantly lower in IM patients compared with those in controls. In addition, UA levels in men were significantly higher compared with those in women. The ROC curve demonstrated good diagnostic and predictive values of UA for IM in both sexes. The UA cut-off values were 326.00 and 243.50 µmol/l for diagnosing IM in men and women, respectively, with a diagnostic accuracy of 76.596 and 80.208%, respectively. Binary logistic regression analysis revealed a significant risk of IM in the low UA quartiles in both sexes. Following adjustments, the ORs even increased. Women with low UA levels appeared to be more susceptible to IM. For example, the crude ORs in quartile 1 were 24.000 and 52.500 for men and women, respectively, and the respective adjusted ORs were 31.437 and 301.746 (all P<0.01). To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first to demonstrate the inverse association between UA and IM, suggesting a progressive decrease of antioxidant reserve in IM. Moreover, low UA was suggestive of IM, particularly in women. IntroductionInfectious mononucleosis (IM) is an important clinical entity that is associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection (1,2). This clinical manifestation was first described in 1889, but the term IM was coined in 1920, when it was discovered that a number of patients with glandular fever had similar blood films (3). In 1968, the then newly discovered EBV was identified as the cause of IM (4). The currently estimated incidence of IM is at ~500 cases per 100,000 persons annually. IM diagnosis is often established with the classical clinical triad of pharyngitis, fever and lymphadenopathy. Serological testing for the identification of EBV antibodies is required for a definitive diagnosis (1,2). The treatment of patients with IM is mainly supportive. Corticosteroids are considered as the standard treatment for severe complications associated with IM (1,2).Uric acid (UA) is a purine degradation metabolite. A high serum level of UA is considered harmful. Hyperuricemia is considered to be closely associated with a number of metabolic disorders (5-7). For example, it was previously demonstrated that UA and metabolic syndrome were closely associated, and young women with hyperuricemia were at the highest risk of developing metabolic syndrome (5). Our rece...

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“…Bakteriyel menenjitli hastalarla kontrol grubunu karşılaş-tıran ve serum oksidan değerlerinin yüksek (10,11,(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33), antioksidan değerlerinin düşük (11,28,30,33,34) olduğunu bildiren çalışmalar vardır. Çalışmamızda tedavi öncesi serum TOS ve OSİ değerleri, tedavi sonrasına göre anlamlı derecede yüksek bulunurken, TAS değerleri anlamlı derecede dü-şük bulundu.…”

Section: İrdelemeunclassified

“…Bakteriyel menenjitli hastaların BOS'un tedavi öncesi ve tedavi sonrası ortalama oksidan ve antioksidan değerlerinin karşılaştırıldığı bir çalışmadaysa, tedavi sonrasına göre hem oksidan hem de antioksidan değerlerinin anlamlı derecede düşük olduğu bildirilmiştir (32). Olgularımızda tedavi öncesi BOS'un TOS ve OSİ değerleri tedavi sonrasına göre anlamlı derecede düşük bulunurken, TAS değerleri arasındaki fark anlamlı bulunmadı.…”

Section: İrdelemeunclassified

Evaluation of S-100B and Oxidative Status before and after Treatment in Children with Bacterial Meningitis

Abuhandan¹,

Çalık²,

Almaz³

et al. 2013

Klimik Dergisi

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ÖzetAmaç: Bakteriyel menenjitli hastaların tedavi öncesi ve sonrası serum ve beyin-omurilik sıvısı (BOS)'nda total oksidan, total antioksidan ve S-100B değerlerinde olası değişikliklerin araştı-rılması amaçlandı. Yöntemler: Bakteriyel menenjit tanısıyla hastaneye yatırılan 25 hasta çalışmaya dahil edildi. Hastalardan yatışın ilk iki saati için-de ve 10 günlük tedavi sonrası kan ve BOS alındı. Tedavi öncesi ve tedavi sonrası serum ve BOS'ta S-100B, total oksidan ve total antioksidan seviyeleri ölçülerek oksidatif stres indeksi (OSİ) hesaplandı. Bulgular: Tedavi öncesi serum total oksidan ve oksidatif stres indeks değerleri, tedavi sonrasına göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı derecede yüksek bulunurken, total antioksidan ve S-100B değer-leri anlamlı derecede düşük bulundu. Hastaların BOS'unun tedavi öncesi total oksidan ve OSİ değerleri tedavi sonrasına göre anlamlı derecede düşük bulunurken, total antioksidan ve S-100B değerleri için anlamlı bir fark bulunmadı. Sonuçlar: Tedavi sonrası klinik ve bakteriyolojik düzelme sağla-nan bakteriyel menenjitli hastalarda OSİ'de azalma görüldü. Ancak klinik ve bakteriyolojik düzelmeye rağmen S-100B değerleri tedavi sonrası yüksek bulundu. Bu durum akut bakteriyel menenjitli olgularda S-100B'deki biyokimyasal düzelmenin daha uzun bir süreç olacağını düşündürmektedir. Klimik Dergisi 2012; 25(2): 67-70.Anahtar Sözcükler: Çocuk, bakteri, menenjit, oksidatif durum, S-100B. AbstractObjective: The objective of this study is to evaluate the S-100B and oxidative status in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of children with bacterial meningitis in both pre-and post-treatment periods. Methods: The study comprised 25 paediatric patients hospitalized with a diagnosis of bacterial meningitis. Blood and CSF were taken within the first 2 hours of hospitalization and on day 10 after treatment. Total oxidant and total antioxidant levels were measured and the oxidative stress index (OSI) was calculated for serum and CSF in both pre-and post-treatment periods. Results: The pre-treatment serum total oxidant levels and OSI values were found to be at significantly higher levels compared to the post-treatment values, while the total antioxidant levels and S-100B values were significantly lower. The pre-treatment CSF total oxidant and OSI values were found to be at a significantly lower level compared to the post-treatment levels, whereas no significance was found in the total antioxidant and S-100B values. Conclusions: Following treatment, clinical and bacteriological improvement was observed together with a reduction in oxidative stress in patients with bacterial meningitis. Despite this clinical and bacteriological improvement, the high post-treatment values of S-100B as a biochemical marker indicate that biochemical improvement after acute bacterial meningitis may require a longer process. Klimik Dergisi 2012; 25(2): 67-70.

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Oxidant and Antioxidant Parameters in the Treatment of Meningitis

Cited by 20 publications

References 23 publications

Pathogenesis and Pathophysiology of Pneumococcal Meningitis

Pathogenesis and Pathophysiology of Pneumococcal Meningitis

Low uric acid level increases the risk of infectious mononucleosis and this effect is more pronounced in women

Evaluation of S-100B and Oxidative Status before and after Treatment in Children with Bacterial Meningitis

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