Oxidation behaviour of zirconium alloys and their precipitates – A mechanistic study

Proff, Christian; Abolhassani, S.; Lemaignan, C.

doi:10.1016/j.jnucmat.2012.06.026

Cited by 81 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…The appearance of these two types of morphologies after longer electroless reduction is attributable to the reduction of the zirconium oxide through intermediate compounds, cubic CaZrO 3 crystals and sub-micron spherical Zr 3 O particles. The Pilling-Bedworth ratio (P-B ratio) for zirconium and its oxide is approximately 1.5 [27,28], and the materials should shrink to 67 vol% after electroless reduction. However, the shrinkage of the materials was not observed after electroless reduction (Fig.…”

Section: Results and Discussion 31 Reduction Of Pure Titanium And Zimentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication of a micro-porous Ti–Zr alloy by electroless reduction with a calcium reductant for electrolytic capacitor applications

Kikuchi¹,

Yoshida²,

Taguchi³

et al. 2014

Journal of Alloys and Compounds

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A metallic titanium and zirconium micro-porous alloy for electrolytic capacitor applications was produced by electroless reduction with a calcium reductant in calcium chloride molten salt at 1173 K. Mixed TiO 2 -70at%ZrO 2 oxides, metallic calcium, and calcium chloride were placed in a titanium crucible and heated under argon atmosphere to reduce the oxides with the calcium reductant. A metallic Ti-Zr alloy was obtained by electroless reduction in the presence of excess calcium reductant and showed a micro-porous morphology due to the sintering of each of the reduced particles during the reduction. The residual oxygen content and surface area of the reduced Ti-Zr alloy decreased over time during the electroless reduction. The element distributions were slightly different at the positions of the alloy and were in the composition range of Ti-69.3 at% to 74.3 at%Zr. A micro-porous Ti-Zr alloy with low oxygen content (0.20 wt%) and large surface area (0.55 m 2 g -1 ) was successfully fabricated by electroless reduction under optimal conditions. The reduction mechanisms of the mixed and pure oxides by the calcium reductant are also discussed.

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Section: Results and Discussion 31 Reduction Of Pure Titanium And Zimentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication of a micro-porous Ti–Zr alloy by electroless reduction with a calcium reductant for electrolytic capacitor applications

Kikuchi¹,

Yoshida²,

Taguchi³

et al. 2014

Journal of Alloys and Compounds

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show abstract

“…Crack is visible in Fig. 12 in the overall 3D image (1). The oxide microstructure evolves from relatively dense to porous oxide layer that does not enhance the initiation of cracks.…”

Section: Oxidation At 1373 Kmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…3 µm, the oxide layer begins to form lateral cracks only in the zone consisting from large, elongated grains in monoclinic phase [32]. The probable initiation site may be different second phase particle (SPP), in particular on their side opposite to the metal/oxide interface [1,19,33,34]. The cracks were scarce on inner tube surface.…”

Section: Oxidation At 1273 Kmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Its degradation in high temperatures depends on a variety of determinants such as an oxidation temperature, oxidation time, environment composition, heating and cooling rates, material composition, surface state, presence and level of residual stresses. Effect of temperature is prevalent and associated with three factors: (i) an oxide growth dependent on temperature and oxygen partial pressure, (ii) phase transformation of oxides into different crystalline structures, and (iii) damage of the oxide layer [1,2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The chemical composition and alloy morphology, and, in particular, a presence of second phase precipitates (SPPs), is essential for the oxide growth, characteristics and behavior [1]. For Zircaloy-4 and Zirlo oxidized at 973-1473 K under steam supply condition for 3600 s, the weight gain rates of Zirlo were lower than those of Zircaloy-4 [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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X-Ray Computer Tomography Study of Degradation of the Zircaloy-2 Tubes Oxidized at High Temperatures

Trybuś

Olivé

Lenoir

et al. 2019

Advances in Materials Science

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The investigations of high-temperature oxidation of zirconium alloys, applied for fuel pellets in nuclear power plants, are usually limited to oxidation kinetics, phase transformations and microstructural characterization. The purpose of this research was to characterize the degradation phenomena occurring within oxide layer and at the interface oxide/metal, on internal and external Zircaloy-2 tube surfaces, below and over crystalline transformation temperature of zirconium oxides. The commercial tubes were oxidized at 1273 K and 1373 K in calm air for 30 min and then examined with a technique novel for such purpose, namely a high-resolution X-ray computer tomography. The light microscopy was used to examine the cross-surfaces. The obtained results show that the form and intensity of oxide damage is significant and it is in a complicated way related to oxidation temperature and on whether external or internal tube surface is studied. The found oxide layer damage forms include surface cracks, the detachment of oxide layers, the appearance of voids, and nodular corrosion. The oxidation effects and damage appearance are discussed taking into account the processes such as formation of oxides, their phase transformation, stress-enhanced formation and propagation of cracks, diffusion of vacancies, formation of nitrides, diffusion of hydrogen into interface oxide-metal, incubation of cracks on second phase precipitates are taken into account to explain the observed phenomena.

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Effect of Cu on microstructure and corrosion behavior in 360°C lithiated aqueous solution of Zr–Cu alloys

Lin

Fan

Zhang

et al. 2021

Materials & Corrosion

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The effect of Cu on the microstructure and corrosion behavior in 360°C lithiated water was investigated on Zr–xCu alloys (x = 0.05, 0.2, and 1.0, wt%), with remelted pure Zr as reference material. The results revealed that the tetragonal Zr2Cu phase was induced by Cu addition higher than 0.2 wt% and its size and number density were increased with the increase of Cu content. The weight gain and oxide thickness were decreased by Cu addition, but when the Cu content increased to 1.0 wt%, they were both significantly increased and even larger than that of remelted Zr. It was supposed that structural defects, such as pores and microcracks, in the oxide film may result in such degradation in the corrosion property of Zr–1.0Cu alloy.

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Oxidation behaviour of zirconium alloys and their precipitates – A mechanistic study

Cited by 81 publications

References 55 publications

Fabrication of a micro-porous Ti–Zr alloy by electroless reduction with a calcium reductant for electrolytic capacitor applications

Fabrication of a micro-porous Ti–Zr alloy by electroless reduction with a calcium reductant for electrolytic capacitor applications

X-Ray Computer Tomography Study of Degradation of the Zircaloy-2 Tubes Oxidized at High Temperatures

Effect of Cu on microstructure and corrosion behavior in 360°C lithiated aqueous solution of Zr–Cu alloys

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