Oxidation‐grafting surface modification of waste silicone rubber composite insulator powder: Characterizations and properties of EPDM/modified waste powder composites

Sun, Bin; Du, Zhenxia; Cao, Hongwei; Du, Lei; Yu, Wancong

doi:10.1002/app.45438

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 25 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…[7][8][9] Currently, two methods, chemical degradation and physical pulverization, are commonly used for industrial recycling of discarded SCIs. [10][11][12] The chemical degradation method is complex and inefficient, requires specific catalysts, and induces secondary pollution. [13][14][15] For the physical pulverization method, crumb SCIs are further ground into fragmented products and subsequently refined to obtain fine silicone rubber powders (SRPs).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[21,22] Previous studies have demonstrated that pretreatment of SRPs with various types of coupling agents is a practical method for addressing this issue. [12,[23][24][25] Therefore, most of the SRP surface modification processes reported to date involve two critical steps, the oxidation of the Si-CH 3 moieties into silanol (Si-OH) groups, which are subsequently subjected to silylation reactions with coupling agents to introduce desired surface functionalities. Several methods have been proposed for the surface oxidation of SRPs, including plasma, ozone-ultraviolet radiation, and acid oxidation treatments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Microwave‐assisted alcoholysis of silicone rubber waste with geraniol for effective elastomer damping

Zou

et al. 2022

Polymer Engineering & Sci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The first step in the mainstream end-of-life management of discarded siliconerubber-based composite insulators involves grinding and modification of them into fine silicone rubber powders (SRPs). However, significant knowledge gaps have prevented researchers from developing direct efficient surface treatments for SRPs that do not involve time-consuming and multi-step processes. Herein, we report a straightforward method for the efficient modification of discarded SRPs through a microwave-assisted alcoholysis process. Specifically, the siloxane moieties of the SRPs were cleaved using nucleophilic geraniol as a modifier, thereby facilitating the introduction of abundant alkoxysilyl groups on SRPs surface. During sulfur crosslinking, the intrachain vinyl functionalities of the modified SRPs co-crosslinked with the rubber matrix via sulfur bridges, thereby improving the dispersion state of the SRPs and the interfacial adhesion between the SRPs and the rubber matrix. Accordingly, even for a high SRP loading (200 phr, parts per hundreds of gum), the mechanical performance of the resulting systems, and in particular the tensile strength and extensibility were significantly higher than those of the rubber matrix. Moreover, the interfacial adhesion of the resulting systems was improved, and the resulting systems presented remarkable damping performance (tan δ ≥ 0.3) over a broad temperature range (≥80 C).

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microwave‐assisted alcoholysis of silicone rubber waste with geraniol for effective elastomer damping

Zou

et al. 2022

Polymer Engineering & Sci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Chemical treatments are another alternative for rubber recycling purposes (Sun et al, 2017), after treating waste silicone rubber composite insulator with H 2 O 2 combine with graphite in an acid medium, obtained a material with better mechanical and thermal properties (Sun et al, 2017). Sulfuric acid has been used to treat crumb rubber in combination with ultraviolet light, as a result, the rubber's stiffness increased (Alawais and West, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Desulfurization of Vulcanized Rubber Particles Using Biological and Couple Microwave-Chemical Methods

Valdés

Hernández

Morales-Vera

et al. 2021

Front. Environ. Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Currently, recycling or degradation treatments for tires are an enormous challenge. Despite efforts to dispose of or recycle it, rubber waste is increasing year by year worldwide. To create a rubber-recycling system, several researchers have proposed tire desulfurization. In this study, we compare two methods: one biological, using Acidobacillus ferroxidans in shake 250 ml flask experiments, and one chemical using, for the first time, microwaves and an aqueous solution. The results of these methods were analyzed through sulfate quantification, cross-linking differences, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy with energy disperse spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). We observed that the amount of sulfates generated by the chemical system was 22.40 (mg/L)/g of rubber, which was 22-times higher than the biological system, which generated 1.06 (mg/L)/g of rubber. Similarly, after cross-linking studies, a 36% higher decrease after the chemical treatment was observed. When using FTIR analysis, the disappearance of characteristic bands corresponding to functional groups containing sulfur bonds and metal oxides were observed by treating the sample with both desulfurization methods. Morphological changes on the rubber surface structure was also demonstrated by SEM-EDS analysis with the appearance of holes, cracks and changes in the porosity of the material. This work analyzed two different non-aggressive desulfurization approaches that might be used as methods for rubber recycling processes.

show abstract

“…[ 21–24 ] After reviewing the literature, it can be found that nitric acid, sulfuric acid, chlorination, KH550, stearic acid, PVC, LDPE, LLDPE, HDPE, hydrogen peroxide, and twin‐screw extruder are mainly used to activate the waste rubber powder. [ 25–28 ] For example, Avraam I. Isayev et al used a new ultrasonic twin‐screw extruder to perform ultrasonic devulcanization activation of 10 mesh and 30 mesh tire rubber particles. The results showed that the desulfurization activation of 30 mesh rubber was higher than that of 10 mesh rubber, and the revulcanization product of 30 mesh rubber exhibited higher elongation at break and lower viscosity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and characterization of maleic anhydride‐grafted desulfurization rubber powder by free‐radical polymerization

Kong

Chen

et al. 2021

Polymer Engineering & Sci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The objective of the article was to enhance the recycling value of solid waste rubber by surface functionalization of desulfurized rubber powder using a one‐pot method based on free‐radical polymerization theory. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and elemental analysis were used to characterize the maleic anhydride‐grafted desulfurized rubber powder, and the grafting mechanism was also investigated. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirmed that maleic anhydride was grafted onto the desulfurized rubber powder. Thermogravimetric analysis indicated that the maleic anhydride‐grafted desulfurized rubber powder and desulfurized rubber powder possessed different thermal properties and structure. The results of scanning electron microscopy and elemental analysis illustrated that the surface of the desulfurized rubber powder was covered with a layer of fold‐like maleic anhydride polymer. The mechanism of grafting desulfurized rubber powder with maleic anhydride may be achieved by replacing the active α‐H on the methylene group of the desulfurized rubber macromolecule chain.

show abstract

Oxidation‐grafting surface modification of waste silicone rubber composite insulator powder: Characterizations and properties of EPDM/modified waste powder composites

Cited by 13 publications

References 25 publications

Microwave‐assisted alcoholysis of silicone rubber waste with geraniol for effective elastomer damping

Microwave‐assisted alcoholysis of silicone rubber waste with geraniol for effective elastomer damping

Desulfurization of Vulcanized Rubber Particles Using Biological and Couple Microwave-Chemical Methods

Preparation and characterization of maleic anhydride‐grafted desulfurization rubber powder by free‐radical polymerization

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About