Oxidation Kinetics of Model Compounds of Metabolic Waste in Supercritical Water

Reactions at supercritical conditions: Applications and fundamentals

“…A model for methane (Webley and Tester, 1991) underpredicted methane conversions. An elementary reaction model for methanol (Webley et al, 1990) gave the correct conversions, but the activation energy was too high, and the H,, CO, and CO, product distributions were not correctly predicted. Other models for CO and methanol failed near the critical point of water (Rofer and Streit, 1989).…”

“…Global kinetics. There have been several kinetics studies of the SCWO of individual compounds Tester, 1987, 1988;Tester, 1989, 1991;Yang and Eckert, 1988;Rofer andStreit, 1988, 1989;Thornton and Savage, 1990;Lee et a]., 1990;Webley et al, 1990Webley et al, , 1991Jin et al, 1990Jin et al, , 1992Holgate and Tester, 1993;Holgate et al, 1992;Tester et al, 1992;Thornton and Savage, 1992b;Lee and Gloyna, 1992;Li et al, , 1993Crain et al, 1993;Chang et al, 1993;Savage et al, 1994a;Holgate and Tester, 1994a,b). Most of these have focused on the kinetics of the disappearance of the organic compound, but some have also considered the kinetics of the conversion of organic carbon to CO, .…”

Unsteady behaviour of hydrothermal oxidation reactors: theoretical and numerical studies near the critical point

“…According to the literature [14,15], the oxidation reaction kinetic, used in this program, is first order in regard with the waste component and zero order in regard with the oxidant.…”

“…But it is not possible to study oxidation reactions of industrial wastes near the critical conditions because it is necessary to know the exact composition of the wastes and the different reaction mechanisms [13]. To avoid this problem, the chosen waste is a model compound (phenol) because it was studied in great detail and there is a lot of data in the literature available [14][15][16]. The description of the thermo-physical properties of the water/phenol/oxygen/carbon dioxide mixture is very complex.…”

Utilization of geopressured resources in the oxidation of organic waste in supercritical water. Phase I, Final report

“…Earlier in the mid-1970's, investigators in chemical engineering at MIT actually reduced the concept to practice in the first patent (Amin, Reid and Modell, 1978) which led to the establishment of a new company, MODAR, Inc. in 1980 and a series of additional patents on the process itself (Modell, 1982(Modell, , 1985. Our research group was the first to actually measure kinetic rate constants for the oxidation of methane, carbon monoxide, ammonia, hydrogen, ethanol, and methanol in supercritical water (Helling and Tester, 1986Webley and Tester, 1988Webley et aL, 1990Webley et aL, , 1991 Holgate and the first to observe salt formation and separation in mixed supercritical water jets in an optically accessible cell (Armellini and Tester, 1990, 1991a, 1991b. A comprehensive review of the technology has been prepared in a collaborative effort of the MIT group, MODAR, and ABB Lummus Crest (Tester et aL, 1992).…”