Oxidation Mechanism of Biomedical Titanium Alloy Surface and Experiment

Ma, Kai; Zhang, Rui; Sun, Junlong; Liu, Changxia

doi:10.1155/2020/1678615

Cited by 34 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…According to the Raman analysis, the oxide film for both samples was composed mainly of TiO 2 as rutile, which is a thermodynamically stable oxide [ 80 ] in standard conditions. It should also be noticed that the rutile exhibits a low Gibbs energy-free formation [ 81 , 82 ] that should be stable even after applying a η = +1 V. Table 1 also shows ICP-AES results of CP-Ti, which exhibited a concentration of Ti under the DL for all exposure times.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Tribological and Ion Released Research of Ti-Materials for Medical Devices

et al. 2021

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The increase in longevity worldwide has intensified the use of different types of prostheses for the human body, such as those used in dental work as well as in hip and knee replacements. Currently, Ti-6Al-4V is widely used as a joint implant due to its good mechanical properties and durability. However, studies have revealed that this alloy can release metal ions or particles harmful to human health. The mechanisms are not well understood yet and may involve wear and/or corrosion. Therefore, in this work, commercial pure titanium and a Ti-6Al-4V alloy were investigated before and after being exposed to a simulated biological fluid through tribological tests, surface analysis, and ionic dissolution characterization by ICP-AES. Before exposure, X-ray diffraction and optical microscopy revealed equiaxed α-Ti in both materials and β-Ti in Ti-6Al-4V. Scratch tests exhibited a lower coefficient of friction for Ti-6Al-4V alloy than commercially pure titanium. After exposure, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy results showed an oxide film formed by TiO2, both in commercially pure titanium and in Ti-6Al-4V, and by TiO and Al2O3 associated with the presence of the alloys. Furthermore, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy revealed that aluminum was the main ion released for Ti-6Al-4V, giving negligible values for the other metal ions.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Tribological and Ion Released Research of Ti-Materials for Medical Devices

et al. 2021

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“…The problem with passivation is the low thickness of the coating and the heterogeneity (depending directly on alloying elements) of the oxide layer, i.e., a heterogeneous layer can be prone to localized corrosion. The oxide film accomplished by the sol-gel technique is rich in Ti-OH and it has a thickness lower than 10 µm [12,13]. Plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) is another method that can be very effective, but the requirement of special equipment and the difficulty to process big pieces increase the manufacturing cost.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Corrosion of Titanium and Titanium Alloys Anodized in H2SO4 and H3PO4 Solutions

et al. 2022

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Titanium and its alloys have superior electrochemical properties compared to other alloy systems due to the formation of a protective TiO2 film on metal surfaces. The ability to generate the protective oxide layer will depend upon the type of alloy to be used. The aim of this work was to characterize the electrochemical corrosion behavior of titanium Ti-CP2 and alloys Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-2Mo, Ti-6Al-4V, and Ti Beta-C. Samples were anodized in 1 M H2SO4 and H3PO4 solutions with a current density of 0.025 A/cm2. Electrochemical tests on anodized alloys were carried out using a three-electrode cell and exposed in two electrolytes, i.e., 3.5% wt. NaCl and 3.5% wt. H2SO4 solutions at room temperature. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to observe the morphology of anodized surfaces. The electrochemical techniques used were cyclic potentiodynamic polarization (CPP) and electrochemical noise (EN), based on the ASTM-G61 and G199 standards. Regarding EN, two methods of data analysis were used: the frequency domain (power spectral density, PSD) and time-frequency domain (discrete wavelet transform). For non-anodized alloys, the results by CCP and EN indicate icorr values of ×10−6 A/cm2. However, under anodizing conditions, the icorr values vary from ×10−7 to ×10−9 A/cm2. The PSD Ψ0 values are higher for non-anodized alloys, while in anodized conditions, the values range from −138/−122 dBi (A2·Hz−1)1/2 to −131/−180 dBi (A2·Hz−1)1/2. Furthermore, the results indicated that the alloys anodized in the H3PO4 bath showed an electrochemical behavior that can be associated with a more homogeneous passive layer when exposed to the 3.5% wt. NaCl electrolyte. Alloys containing more beta-phase stabilizers formed a less homogeneous anodized layer. These alloys are widely used in aeronautical applications; thus, it is essential that these alloys have excellent corrosion performance in chloride and acid rain environments.

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“…25 A logarithmic mechanism is described as the formation of the oxide film; cubic is described as modeling the diffusion of oxygen into the metal, parabolic is described by the Wagner high-temperature mechanism and under the assumption that the rate-determining step is the diffusion of oxygen through the oxide scale, and finally, linear kinetics are a result of cracks and spallation of the oxide layer resulting in an uncontrolled reaction of oxygen with the bulk metal. 25,[43][44][45] Typically, the mass gain curve is segmentalized for shorter testing durations to characterize the instantaneous events; some studies have tested for as low as 4 h in published work. In our case, testing was performed for 25 h as the interest was to test for a relatively long and continuous exposure time.…”

Section: Oxidation Kineticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Niobium carbide reinforced‐Ti6Al4V composites via directed energy deposition

Avila

Bandyopadhyay

2021

Int J Applied Ceramic Tech

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Directed energy deposition (DED) was used to produce niobium carbide (NbC)‐reinforced Ti6Al4V (Ti64) metal–matrix‐composite (MMC) structures. The objective was to improve upon Ti64's wear and oxidation resistance. The characterization techniques consisted of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), backscattered electron (BSE) imaging, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS), X‐ray diffraction analysis (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Vickers micro‐ and nanoindentation‐derived hardness, as well as tribological testing at varying normal loads. DED produced compositions were of Ti64, Ti64 + 5 wt.% NbC (5NbC), and Ti64 + 10 wt.% NbC (10NbC). Electron micrographs revealed crack‐ and delamination‐free structures. Tribological analysis revealed a 25.1% reduction in specific wear rate. XRD and EDS results indicated the presence of a Ti‐Nb solid solution. It was deduced that the NbC particles coupled with the Ti‐Nb solid solution aided in increasing Ti64's resistance to plastic shear as the superficial microstructure remained unchanged compared to pure Ti64. Additionally, TGA displayed a reduction in total oxidation mass gain and suppressed oxidation kinetics to parabolic behavior with increased NbC. Application‐based composite structures with site‐specific mechanical properties were fabricated in the form of a composite cylinder, gear and compositionally graded cylinder. The graded cylinder displayed a 0%–45%NbC presence—end‐to‐end—equating to a hardness increase from 161.6 ± 4.0HV0.2 to 1055.9 ± 157.4HV0.2.

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Oxidation Mechanism of Biomedical Titanium Alloy Surface and Experiment

Cited by 34 publications

References 38 publications

A Tribological and Ion Released Research of Ti-Materials for Medical Devices

A Tribological and Ion Released Research of Ti-Materials for Medical Devices

Electrochemical Corrosion of Titanium and Titanium Alloys Anodized in H2SO4 and H3PO4 Solutions

Niobium carbide reinforced‐Ti6Al4V composites via directed energy deposition

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