A convergent enantioselective synthesis of herboxidiene/GEX 1A (1) is described, which features a double stereodifferentiating crotylation, [4+2]-annulation and a silicon-based sp 2 -sp 2 crosscoupling to assemble the conjugated diene.Herboxidiene/GEX 1A (1), a secondary metabolite originally isolated from Streptomyces sp. A7847, displayed selective phytotoxicity against a range of broadleaf annual weeds while remaining harmless to coplanted wheat. 1 In a search for new antitumor agents, 1 was reisolated from a fermentation culture broth with five other structurally related GEX 1 members (2-6, Figure 1). 2 While several members of this family showed potent cytotoxicity (IC 50 values ranging from 3.7 nM to 0.99 μM) against several human tumor cell lines in vitro, GEX 1A is the only one possessing antitumor activity in vivo. The entire family of GEX 1 compounds displayed cytotoxicity via up-regulating luciferase reporter gene expression as well as inducing both G1 and G2/M arrest in human tumor cell line The stereochemical assignment of 1 was obtained through a combination of degradation studies, partial synthesis and crystallographic analysis. 4 The class of natural products possesses several synthetically challenging structural features, including the trisubstituted tetrahydropyran core, the conjugated diene moiety and the poly-oxygenated side chain. Two total syntheses and several synthetic approaches toward herboxidiene/GEX 1A have recently been published. 5 Herein, we describe a convergent enantioselective total synthesis of herboxidiene/GEX 1A (1) that makes use of organosilane based bond construction methodology in three crucial ways (Scheme 1). The first disconnection at C9-C10 leads to a functionalized pyran core and an oxygenated side chain. We anticipated using a silicon-assisted sp 2 -sp 2 cross-coupling for panek@bu.edu. Supporting Information Available Experimental details and new selected spectral for all new compounds. This material is available free of charge in the Internet at http://pubs.acs.org. the union of intermediates 7 and 8. In this plan, the conjugated (E, E)-diene could be accessed with high levels of selectivity. Dihydropyran 7 could be obtained from syn-silane reagent 9 and the silyl-substituted methacrolein 10 utilizing our stereoselective [4+2]-annulation strategy. 6 Further, we hoped that side chain 11 could be rapidly constructed from silane reagent (S)-12 and α-silyloxy acetal (S)-13.
NIH Public AccessSynthesis of the C10-C19 fragment was initiated with a double stereodifferentiating crotylation 7 based on the use of a newly developed crotylsilane reagent (S)-12 that bears a fully substituted stereocenter (Scheme 2). 8 Since the C18 hydroxyl would be properly configured for a directed epoxidation later in the synthesis, we chose (S)-silyloxy acetal 13, as the crotylation electrophile. 9 Thus, a matched crotylation between (S)-12 and (S)-13 promoted by TMSOTf, provided the desired syn-homoallylic ether 11 containing a trans trisubstituted olefin in 62% yield and high dias...