Two lignin-degrading basidiomycetes, Stereum hirsutum and Heterobasidium insulare, were used to degrade bisphenol A (BPA) in culture, and the estrogenic activity of the degradation products was examined using MCF-7 cell proliferation assays (E-screen) and analysis of pS2 mRNA expression in MCF 7 cells. Both S. hirsutum and H. insulare showed high resistance to BPA 100 ppm, and their mycelial growth was fully completed within 8 d of incubation at 30°C. It took 7 to 14 d to achieve complete degradation (ca. 99%) of BPA by both fungi. MCF-7 cells proliferated actively at a BPA concentration of 10 Ϫ5 M. However, cell line proliferation was significantly inhibited when the cells were incubated in BPA culture media containing S. hirsutum and H. insulare. Similar results were obtained regarding pS2 mRNA expression. The pS2 mRNA expression levels decreased by 1.5-fold in supernatant from BPA treated with S. hirsutum and H. insulare compared with those treated with BPA alone.Key words bisphenol A; biodegradation; Stereum hirsutum; Heterobasidium insulare; estrogenic activityResearch Institute using the Remazol Brilliant Blue R method and determination of ligninase activity. Both fungi were first grown in potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium at 30°C for 7 d, then transferred to a complex medium (YMPG), and kept at 4°C until use. The composition of the YMPG medium (per liter of distilled water) was 10 g of glucose, 10 g of malt extract, 2 g of peptone, 2 g of yeast extract, 1 g of asparagine, 2 g of KH 2 PO 4 , 1 g of MgSO 4 · 7H 2 O, 1 mg of thiamine, and 20 g of agar. Optimal growth temperature was determined by measuring the hyphal extension length on 2% malt extract agar medium after optimal pH determination. The 7-mm plugs of inoculum from the YMPG medium slant were transferred to plates containing 2% malt extract agar medium, which were kept at 17, 25, 30, and 34°C. Three replicates of each fungus at each temperature were prepared. Hyphal extension lengths were measured daily based on the usual colony diameter (unit: cm) in the longest perpendicular direction.Resistance to Various BPA Concentrations To determine BPA resistance, the inocula of both fungi were cultivated on YMPG medium, which contained BPA concentrations of 50, 100, and 500 ppm. The cultivated medium was incubated at 30°C for 14 d. Three replicates were prepared of each fungus at each concentration with control. The hyphal extension lengths of fungi were measured daily. Complete growth was assumed when the hyphal length reached 8.5 cm in the Petri dish.Analysis of Degradation Products Using HPLC and GC-MS Both fungi were incubated in shallow stationary culture (SSC medium) as previously described.17) The culture medium pH was adjusted to 4.5 using a 2,2-dimethylsuccinic acid buffer (1.46 g/l), and both fungi were incubated in flasks without shaking at 30°C. After full growth of the mycelium, BPA was added to the culture medium with an inoculated syringe to a final concentration of 100 mM to determine the degrading ability of the fungus. After each indicat...