1986
DOI: 10.1007/bf00659186
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Oxidation of commercial purity titanium

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Cited by 140 publications
(101 citation statements)
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“…For 10 h oxidation times XRD results confirmed the presence of solid insertion of nitrogen in HCP α titanium structure after oxidation. The stratification of this layer is observed in US samples, as reported by several authors [31][32]. A compact oxide layer is formed in LSP samples.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 77%
“…For 10 h oxidation times XRD results confirmed the presence of solid insertion of nitrogen in HCP α titanium structure after oxidation. The stratification of this layer is observed in US samples, as reported by several authors [31][32]. A compact oxide layer is formed in LSP samples.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 77%
“…This relates primarily to differences in diffusion coefficients between the two elements. Although the 'bulk' diffusion coefficients of oxygen and nitrogen through α-Ti are comparable at the temperatures used for this work [35,44], there exists a significant difference between the coefficients of diffusion of oxygen in TiO 2 , and nitrogen in TiN, of nearly 4 orders of magnitudein favour of oxygen. The direct consequence of this difference is the change in hardness-depth profiles noted for Ti-6Al-4V treated with either oxygen or nitrogen.…”
Section: Reciprocating-sliding Wear Testingmentioning
confidence: 85%
“…In the case of oxidative processes, the generation of a thick compound layer does not inhibit the diffusion of oxygen through the underlying lattice, since the diffusion coefficient for oxygen in rutile TiO 2 is about 50 times higher than in Ti(O) at the same temperature [35]. TiO 2 is known to have an oxygen-deficient structure that produces oxygen ion vacancies, which in turn allows the passage of oxygen (by anion-vacancy diffusion) through the rutile lattice [5].…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The rate of oxygen diffusion in a-Ti is known to be much higher than that of nitrogen at a given temperature [22,23] and, more importantly, can be maintained at its maximum potential -irrespective of whether or not a compound layer is formed at the surface during the oxidation process. In fact, the diffusion coefficient for oxygen in rutile TiO 2 is -unlike nitrogen in TiN/Ti 2 N -about 50 times higher than in Ti(O)-metal at the same temperature [23]. In other words, an oxide compound layer will not inhibit the growth of the solid solution strengthened zone over time and therefore the case depth achieved will be deeper when compared to an equivalent nitriding process.…”
Section: Hardness Profilementioning
confidence: 99%