Oxidation of Hafnium and Diffusion of Hafnium Atoms in Hexagonal Close-Packed Hafnium; Microscopic Investigations by Perturbed Angular Correlations

Abstract

Time-differential perturbed angular correlation (TDPAC) studies in hafnium metal (∼ 5% Zr) have been carried out at different temperatures. It is found that hafnium metal on heating at 873 K continuously for two days in air, transforms partially and abruptly to HfO 2 while no component of oxide has been observed for heating up to 773 K and during initial heating at 873 K for 1 day. This result is strikingly different to that expected from the Arrhenius theory. Also, a strong nuclear relaxation effect has been observed at 873 K due to rapid fluctuation of hafnium atoms in hexagonal closepacked (hcp) hafnium. At this temperature, ∼ 45% probe nuclei experience static perturbation due to monoclinic HfO 2 , ∼ 50% experience fluctuating interaction, and ∼ 5% produce static defect configuration of hcp hafnium. With lowering of temperature, defect configurations of hafnium increase at the cost of fluctuating interaction. An almost total fluctuating interaction observed in hcp hafnium at a temperature much lower than its melting point is another interesting phenomenon.