Oxidation of Kraft Lignin with Hydrogen Peroxide and its Application as a Dispersant for Kaolin Suspensions

He, Wenming; Gao, Weijue; Fatehi, Pedram

doi:10.1021/acssuschemeng.7b02582

Cited by 79 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…There are several oxidants that can be employed for the oxidation of lignin and one way to differentiate them is by strength: strong and mild . Strong oxidants, such as hydrogen peroxide, will disrupt the aromatic ring . Mild oxidants, such as air, oxygen, and nitrobenzene, keep the aromatic ring intact.…”

Section: Depolymerization Of Ligninmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heterogeneous Catalyst Design Principles for the Conversion of Lignin into High‐Value Commodity Fuels and Chemicals

2020

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Lignin valorization has risen as a promising pathway to supplant the use of petrochemicals for chemical commodities and fuels. However, the challenges of separating and breaking down lignin from lignocellulosic biomass are the primary barriers to success. Integrated biorefinery systems that incorporate both homo‐ and heterogeneous catalysis for the upgrading of lignin intermediates have emerged as a viable solution. Homogeneous catalysis can perform selected chemistries, such as the hydrolysis and dehydration of ester or ether bonds, that are more suitable for the pretreatment and fractionation of biomass. Heterogeneous catalysis, however, offers a tunable platform for the conversion of extracted lignin into chemicals, fuels, and materials. Tremendous effort has been invested in elucidating the necessary factors for the valorization of lignin by using heterogeneous catalysts, with efforts to explore more robust methods to drive down costs. Current progress in lignin conversion has fostered numerous advances, but understanding the key catalyst design principles is important for advancing the field. This Minireview aims to provide a summary on the fundamental design principles for the selective conversion of lignin by using heterogeneous catalysts, including the pairing of catalyst metals, supports, and solvents. The review puts a particular focus on the use of bimetallic catalysts on porous supports as a strategy for the selective conversion of lignin. Finally, future research on the valorization of lignin is proposed on the basis of recent progress.

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Section: Depolymerization Of Ligninmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heterogeneous Catalyst Design Principles for the Conversion of Lignin into High‐Value Commodity Fuels and Chemicals

2020

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“…It is reported that hydrogen peroxide generally decomposes the phenolate group of lignin, whereas it induces the carboxylate group into lignin. 42,240,241 It was reported that the majority of hydrogen peroxide molecules was utilized for the partial decomposition of the lignin structure by the bond cleavage of lignin's ether bonds. 240 Fig.…”

Section: Oxidationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…42,240,241 It was reported that the majority of hydrogen peroxide molecules was utilized for the partial decomposition of the lignin structure by the bond cleavage of lignin's ether bonds. 240 Fig. 12 shows the mild oxidation by using different sources of lignin and oxidizing reagents.…”

Section: Oxidationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…212 The oxidation of lignin via hydrogen peroxide would promote the solubility and increase the charge density of lignin, and therefore it could be used as an anionic dispersant for kaolin and other suspensions. 240 Employing nitrobenzene to oxidize lignin generates aromatic aldehydes as main products; however, using nitrobenzene have some disadvantages, such as difficulties in recovering the oxidant as well as the complexity of the reaction raised from the formation of phenylhydroxylamine, aniline, and nitrobenzene products, leading to a condensation among them. Also, the respective carboxylic acids produced in mild oxidation have lower yields than in harsh oxidation.…”

Section: Oxidationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Grafting strategies for hydroxy groups of lignin for producing materials

2019

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Lignin is one of the most abundant biopolymers on Earth and is considered as the primary resource of aromatic compounds. Recently, lignin has attracted attention from scientists and industrialists due to its inherent potential arising from its unique structure, which leads to its possible use in many applications.Many efforts have been made to ameliorate the reactivity and compatibility of lignin in different areas. Although methods have been proposed for endowing lignin with different properties, there continues to be a considerable demand for discovering new and effective ways of unraveling the beneficial uses of this aromatic polymer. Considering the structure of lignin, different grafting modifications can occur on the aliphatic and/or aromatic groups of lignin. To date, there has been a lack of fundamental understanding of the modification pathways of lignin for generating lignin-based products. In this review paper, we discuss comprehensively the chemical reactions that were introduced in the literature for preparing lignin with different features via modifying its phenolic and aliphatic hydroxy groups for altered uses. This review paper critically and comprehensively elaborates on the recent progress in lignin reactions as well as the challenges, advantages and disadvantages associated with the reaction procedures and the product development processes. Furthermore, the research gap in reaction strategies and product development are described throughout this study.

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“…As oxidation is a kind of chemical modification method of lignin, the oxidization products of lignin can be obtained under certain reaction conditions and be utilized in some aspects [11,12]. For example, kraft lignin could be oxidized by H 2 O 2 , and the oxidization products were employed as a dispersant for kaolin suspensions [13]. Besides oxidization, other modification methods of lignin are useful as well [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on the Preparation and Application of Lignin-Derived Polycarboxylic Acids

Wang

Zhou

Wang

2019

Journal of Chemistry

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Lignin was oxidized by NaOCl, and the main product of the reaction was named lignin-derived polycarboxylic acids (LPCAs). The effect of the reaction conditions was studied. With the mix ratio [n(NaOCl)/m(lignin)] increasing, the content of carboxyl of LPCAs increased. When the reaction temperature or the reaction time increased, the content of carboxyl decreased in different degrees. After the oxidation by NaOCl, the content of hydroxyl and methoxyl of lignin decreased, and the molecular weight of lignin decreased as well. The FT-IR and 1H-NMR spectrum of lignin suggested that the benzene rings of lignin were disrupted after the oxidation. A possible mechanism of the oxidation of lignin by sodium hypochlorite is supposed to briefly demonstrate the reason that the benzene rings were disrupted and the content of carboxyl increased. Finally, an application example shows that LPCAs can strengthen the mechanical properties of waterborne polyurethane elastomers.

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Oxidation of Kraft Lignin with Hydrogen Peroxide and its Application as a Dispersant for Kaolin Suspensions

Cited by 79 publications

References 57 publications

Heterogeneous Catalyst Design Principles for the Conversion of Lignin into High‐Value Commodity Fuels and Chemicals

Heterogeneous Catalyst Design Principles for the Conversion of Lignin into High‐Value Commodity Fuels and Chemicals

Grafting strategies for hydroxy groups of lignin for producing materials

Study on the Preparation and Application of Lignin-Derived Polycarboxylic Acids

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