“…Thus, on a SV-G, more electrons are transferred from the Pt, Pd, Au, and Sn adatoms to the carbon atoms at the defect site . Significant charge transfers from the TM to carbon supports containing SV or DV were reported for Au, Rh, W, and Pd . Higher charge transfers were also provided for clusters on defective carbon supports compared to defect-free supports, such as for Pd 13 /SV-G (SV-G = single vacancy on G) compared to Pd 13 /G, Pt 13 /SV-G compared to Pt 13 /G, ,− Pt 2–80 /SV-G compared to Pt 2–80 /G, Pt 1–6 /SV-CNT compared to Pt 1–6 /CNT, Ru 13 /SV-G compared to Ru 13 /G, Cu 4–13 /SV-G compared to Cu 4–13 /G, and Au 1–5 /SV-G and Fe 1–5 /SV-G compared to Au 1–5 /G and Fe 1–5 /G .…”