2021
DOI: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2021.150288
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Oxidation processes at the surface of BaTiO3 thin films under environmental conditions

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Cited by 47 publications
(28 citation statements)
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“…This assignment has been adopted several times, but no study has yet provided a clear assignment between the binding energy (BE) of the peaks (high and low) and the position (exact depth) of the Ba atom. Besides this, other studies have attributed the high BE component to surface contamination, more particularly to BaCO 3 species. Finally, some recent papers have rather associated this peak with Ba atoms in a higher oxidation state, namely corresponding to BaO 2 species. To improve the understanding of BaTiO 3 surface and thus to be able to precisely study important characteristics of this system such as interaction with adsorbates or reactivity, it is essential to disclose unambigously the nature of the Ba 3d and 4d core level split in BaTiO 3 compounds.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…This assignment has been adopted several times, but no study has yet provided a clear assignment between the binding energy (BE) of the peaks (high and low) and the position (exact depth) of the Ba atom. Besides this, other studies have attributed the high BE component to surface contamination, more particularly to BaCO 3 species. Finally, some recent papers have rather associated this peak with Ba atoms in a higher oxidation state, namely corresponding to BaO 2 species. To improve the understanding of BaTiO 3 surface and thus to be able to precisely study important characteristics of this system such as interaction with adsorbates or reactivity, it is essential to disclose unambigously the nature of the Ba 3d and 4d core level split in BaTiO 3 compounds.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…21 Concomitantly, polarization can also be affected by the photoinduced changes of surface state, which largely affect the internal field. [21][22][23][24][25] These potentially coexisting and entangled mechanisms challenge the fine control of ferroelectric polarization under illumination. Achieving the reversible rotation of the polarization sign by light using the listed mechanisms is not possible.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…[ 32 ] The BTO film was atomically flat, fully epitaxial and uniformly c ‐axis oriented with up‐polarized as‐grown state, as evidenced by piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM). [ 32 ] The writing speed experiments were performed using an Asylum MFP3D AFM with a fluid cell integrated to a low‐noise continuous flow humidity controller that by combining dry N 2 gas with distilled water allows high precision control of RH at the cell with long term stability. [ 33 ] The minimum value of RH achieved after exposure to pure N 2 gas for 60 h was 2.5%.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…With this technique, XPS measurements were conducted in the range of RH between 0% and maximum of ≈17% (low and intermediate RH ranges) by increasing the water vapor pressure of the XPS chamber from UHV to 4 mbar. Obtained O 1s spectra were fitted following the model explained in detail in our previous works, [6,32] which enabled us to quantify the amount of molecular water adsorbed at every RH. The area of the molecular water peak normalized by the area of bulk oxide peak, which gives the information about the amount of water isothermally adsorbed on the surface, has been plotted as a function of RH and shown in Figure 3c.…”
Section: Effect Of Relative Humidity On the Writing Speed Of Ferroele...mentioning
confidence: 99%