The article provides an overview of recent studies in the development of new methods for the synthesis and use of phenolformaldehyde oligomers. Prospects for carrying out scientific work in this direction, associated with the availability of raw materials, technological and applied aspects, have been substantiated. The main areas of application of phenolic resins have been identified. Special attention is paid to coatings, adhesives, binders, as well as carbon foams based on them. New methods for the modification of phenol-formaldehyde oligomers are described, as well as new compositions of modifying agents for the purposeful change in the complex of their properties.