Matrix microstructure of a pitch-based carbon-carbon composite was controlled by an iodine treatment. Coal-tar pitch having the softening point of 101 ± C was used as a matrix precursor. The iodine treatment was carried out on a pitch-impregnated specimen at 90 ± C for 3-20 h. The specimen was carbonized at 800 ± C and graphitized at 2000-3000 ± C. The carbon yield increased from 73% to 93% by the iodine treatment. Microstructures of carbonized specimens changed from a flow type texture to a mosaic type one by the iodine treatment. The microstructural development to graphitic structure was suppressed by the iodine treatment.