Oxidative and nitrosative stress in serum of patients with Parkinson’s disease

Abstract

Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the common neurodegenerative disorders. Oxidative stress is considered as a contributing factor to the development of PD. The present study aims to investigate serum oxidative stress status in patients with PD. Oxidative stress was assessed by measuring serum nitric oxide levels, lipid hydroperoxide concentrations, and nitric oxide synthase activity. In addition, total serum antioxidant capacity (TAC) was evaluated using the serum 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) free-radical scavenging method in 32 patient with Parkinson's disease and 32 control subjects. Our results indicated that serum nitric oxide and lipid hydroperoxide levels were significantly lower in patients with PD than controls. Moreover, nitric oxide levels were found to be negatively correlated with Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS). However, no statistical difference was observed in total serum antioxidant capacities and nitric oxide synthase activities between patients and controls. The present study indicates that although antioxidant capacity was not changed, lipid hydroperoxide (LPO) level was found decreased. This might show pre-oxidative process in these patients. In addition, decreased nitric oxide (NO) level and negative correlation observed between NO level and disease rating scale implicated a role for NO in the disease process.

Purinergic receptor P2Y6 contributes to 1‐methyl‐4‐phenylpyridinium‐induced oxidative stress and cell death in neuronal SH‐SY5Y cells

“…NO reacts with ROS to form the highly toxic reactive nitrogen species (RNS; Tsang & Chung, ). ROS and RNS should be cleared by the antioxidant defense system to prevent harmful effects, such as lipid peroxidation (Cubukcu et al, ; Yan et al, ). MDA is a terminal product of lipid peroxidation (Li et al, ).…”

The significance of uric acid in the diagnosis and treatment of Parkinson disease

“…[ 7 , 8 ] What is more, oxidative stress intertwines with almost all other mechanisms that have been implicated in PD, including protein misfolding and aggregation, mitochondrial dysfunction, cell cycle reactivation, apoptosis, and excito-toxicity. [ 9 , 10 ] Although several biological candidates of oxidative damage, including selegiline, [ 11 ] vitamin E, [ 12 ] coenzyme 10 (CoQ10), [ 13 , 14 ] and mostly recently creatine, [ 15 , 16 ] are elevated for early diagnosis to identify at-risk groups and disease modification, the results have disappointingly failed to show clear benefits. [ 17 ] As an important physiological antioxidant, uric acid (UA), mainly as the urate in human body, can scavenge free oxygen radicals [ 18 ] and interact other antioxidant systems.…”

Evaluation of C-reactive Protein/Albumin Ratio According to Stage in Patients with Idiopathic Parkinson Disease

“…Homocysteine, uric acid (UA), albumin, and bilirubin are defined as laboratory parameters associated with oxidative stress. Low UA, albumin, and bilirubin concentrations were associated with many neurodegenerative diseases, including PD, but these changes in their concentrations as oxidative stress markers were not clarified as to whether they caused neurodegenerative diseases or they were results of the underlying process in the literature (7,17,18,19,20,21,22). Several studies showed that there was a correlation between hypoalbuminemia and increased CRP concentrations and other acute phase proteins (34).…”

“…toxins, free radicals, dysfunctions in the ubiquitin/proteasome system) can lead dopaminergic cells to undergo apoptotic death (8,9). Serum C-reactive protein (CRP) and albumin concentrations have recently been used as markers of systemic inflammation and oxidative stress in different diseases (7,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22).…”