Oxidative coupling during gut passage in marine deposit‐feeding invertebrates

Giessing, Anders; Mayer, Lawrence M.

doi:10.4319/lo.2004.49.3.0716

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Pyrene was not detectable by HPLC/F in tissue samples after enzymatic hydrolysis, probably due to precipitation with organic matter during the enzymatic hydrolysis procedure, as is the case of SFS measurements. This is in agreement with the study of Giessing and Mayer (2004) who observed coprecipitation of pyrene with the matrix components after the centrifugation.…”

Section: Using 1-hydroxypyrene Concentrations To Characterize Pah Expsupporting

confidence: 93%

1-Hydroxypyrene as a biomarker of PAH exposure in the marine polychaete Nereis diversicolor

Tairova

Giessing

Hansen

et al. 2009

Marine Environmental Research

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The possibility of using the pyrene metabolite 1-hydroxypyrene as a biomarker of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) exposure was investigated by exposure of the marine polychaete Nereis diversicolor to several PAHs in the laboratory. Animals were exposed to pyrene alone and to five different PAHs - phenanthrene, anthracene, pyrene, benzo[a]pyrene and benzo[k]flouranthene. After five days of exposure the concentrations of parent PAHs and 1-hydroxypyrene were identified using three different analytical methods, high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (HPLC/F), synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy (SFS) and gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection (GC/MS). The SFS measurements of 1-hydroxypyrene were validated by the more sensitive method HPLC/F. The positive correlation between total PAHs and 1-hydroxypyrene concentrations in the polychaete tissues observed in experiments, suggests the feasibility of 1-hydroxypyrene as a suitable biomarker for total PAH exposure assessment. Furthermore, the possibility of employment of the simple and rapid SFS method instead of HPLC/F for biomarker analysis has been confirmed by the positive and significant correlation between results achieved by these two analytical methods.

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Section: Using 1-hydroxypyrene Concentrations To Characterize Pah Expsupporting

confidence: 93%

1-Hydroxypyrene as a biomarker of PAH exposure in the marine polychaete Nereis diversicolor

Tairova

Giessing

Hansen

et al. 2009

Marine Environmental Research

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“…Another risk factor is the ability of benthic organisms to metabolize these compounds. Some aquatic invertebrates, for example, certain polychaetes, are able to degrade PAHs [ 27 , 28 ], but many others are not able to do this well, for example, bivalve mollusks [ 29 ]. PAHs are metabolized by phase 1 enzymes of cytochrome P450 mixed function oxygenase system, and excreted as hydroxylated metabolites [ 30 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Levels of PAHs in the Waters, Sediments, and Shrimps of Estero de Urias, an Estuary in Mexico, and Their Toxicological Effects

Jaward

Alegria

Reyes

et al. 2012

The Scientific World Journal

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PAHs were measured in water, sediment, and shrimps of Estero de Urias, an estuary in Sinaloa, Mexico, during the rainy and dry seasons, and analyzed for eleven PAHs routinely detected in samples. Phenanthrene was the most dominant congener in the water, sediment, and shrimp samples comprising about 38, 24, and 25%, respectively, of the eleven PAHs detected, followed by pyrene and naphthalene in water and sediment samples, and pyrene and fluorine in the shrimp samples. Total PAH concentrations ranged from 9 to 347 ng/L in water, 27 to 418 ng/g in sediments, and 36 to 498 ng/g in shrimps. The sources of contamination are closely related to human activities such as domestic and industrial discharge, automobile exhausts, and street runoff. High concentrations were also measured during the rainy season and during the first quarter of the year. Toxicity tests were also carried out, exposing fish embryos and juvenile shrimps to some of these PAHs. Fish embryos exposed to PAHs showed exogastrulation, while juvenile shrimps showed significantly lower growth rates than controls. DNA and protein alterations were also observed. These toxicity tests indicate that PAH concentrations measured could be dangerous to some aquatic organisms, particularly during early stages of development.

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“…Since both polychaetes defecate at the sediment surface, it is possible that gut passage of PAH-contaminated sediment may have reduced PAH bioavailability in the defecated sediment. Giessing & Mayer (2004) showed that gut fluid from marine deposit-feeding polychaetes catalyzed oxidative coupling of pyrene metabolites to organic matter and subsequently decreased the bioavailability. The authors suggested that this reaction, which leads to covalent binding of PAHs, represents a sink for PAHs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of the polychaetes Arenicola marina and Nereis diversicolor on microbial pyrene mineralization

Timmermann¹,

Banta²,

Johnsen³

et al. 2008

Aquat. Microb. Ecol.

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The effects of 2 polychaetes, Nereis diversicolor and Arenicola marina, on the microbial mineralization of the organic contaminant pyrene, a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), were followed over 44 d. We also examined whether the effect of the polychaetes was caused by enhanced oxygen supply, altered pyrene bioavailability and/or a changed abundance or activity of pyrenedegrading bacteria. The presence of polychaetes enhanced microbial pyrene mineralization by 180 to 200% compared with defaunated sediment. Collectively, the replicates of the different treatments showed that mineralization rates were positively correlated with the amount of oxidized sediment, which comprised mainly the 3 mm surface layer and zones around burrows (burrow sediment). The biogenic sediment structures had similar mineralization potential and abundance of pyrene-degrading bacteria as surface sediments. Pyrene mineralization potential in bulk (reduced and presumably anoxic) sediment was significantly lower than for surface and burrow sediments. However, when the bulk sediments were oxidized, mineralization rates increased rapidly. Collectively, these data indicate that oxygen availability controlled pyrene mineralization in these experiments. On the other hand, the presence of the polychaetes significantly reduced the bioavailability of pyrene to the microbial degraders. Pyrene bioavailability in burrow sediment was always lower than the bioavailability in both surface and bulk sediments. In addition, N. diversicolor and especially A. marina decreased the bioavailability of pyrene in surface sediments compared with that of surface sediments in the non-bioturbated control. In conclusion, these polychaetes enhanced microbial pyrene mineralization significantly and this enhancement seemed to be caused by the increased oxygen supply due to burrow construction and irrigation. In contrast, these worms decreased pyrene bioavailability and, hence, counteracted to some extent the stimulating effect of irrigation.

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Oxidative coupling during gut passage in marine deposit‐feeding invertebrates

Cited by 7 publications

References 54 publications

1-Hydroxypyrene as a biomarker of PAH exposure in the marine polychaete Nereis diversicolor

1-Hydroxypyrene as a biomarker of PAH exposure in the marine polychaete Nereis diversicolor

Levels of PAHs in the Waters, Sediments, and Shrimps of Estero de Urias, an Estuary in Mexico, and Their Toxicological Effects

Effects of the polychaetes Arenicola marina and Nereis diversicolor on microbial pyrene mineralization

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