Oxidative damage in Alzheimer’s dementia, and the potential etiopathogenic role of aluminosilicates, microglia and micronutrient interactions

The Role of Oxidative Stress in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Parkinson’s Disease

“…Due to its high rate of oxygen utilization, high content of unsaturated lipids and relative lack of antioxidant enzymes, the brain is very vulnerable to free radical damage [1,2]. Indeed free radicals are very toxic for motor and dopaminergic neurons.…”

Protein oxidation and age-dependent alterations in calcium homeostasis

“…MsrA is expressed in all mammalian tissues, and immunocytochemical staining indicates that MsrA levels are particularly high in specific brain regions, including the cerebellum (131,132). Given that the brain has a high metabolic rate and limited antioxidant defense mechanisms in comparison to other tissues (133,134), the high level of expression of MsrA may play a critical role in the modulation of the activity of intracellular proteins that become functionally impaired upon oxidative modification (95). Consistent with the hypotheses that there are agerelated alterations in the function of MsrA, the accumulation of oxidatively modified ∃-amyloid peptide containing methionine sulfoxide has been suggested to correlate with the pathology associated with Alzheimer's disease (135).…”

Aerosolized Coal Fly Ash: Risk Factor for Neurodegenerative Disease

“…The presence of aluminosilicates (which have no known biologic function) in these abnormal sites suggests they may play a role in neuropathology. The potential pathogenic role of microglial cells in the neurodegenerative process is suggested by the finding that murine microglial cells, exposed in vitro to aluminosilicate particles, stimulate tissueinjurious free radical reactive oxygen metabolites [47]. This particle-induced activation of glial macrophage cells promotes chronic inflammation and deposition of the abnormal protein material that characterizes AD [48].…”