Oxidative damage in DNA bases revealed by UV resonant Raman spectroscopy

Abstract

We report on the use of the UV Raman technique to monitor the oxidative damage of deoxynucleotide triphosphates (dATP, dGTP, dCTP and dTTP) and DNA (plasmid vector) solutions. Nucleotide and DNA aqueous solutions were exposed to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and iron containing carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to produce Fenton's reaction and induce oxidative damage. UV Raman spectroscopy is shown to be maximally efficient to reveal changes in the nitrogenous bases during the oxidative mechanisms occurring on these molecules. The analysis of Raman spectra, supported by numerical computations, revealed that the Fenton's reaction causes an oxidation of the nitrogenous bases in dATP, dGTP and dCTP solutions leading to the production of 2-hydroxyadenine, 8-hydroxyguanine and 5-hydroxycytosine. No thymine change was revealed in the dTTP solution under the same conditions. Compared to single nucleotide solutions, plasmid DNA oxidation has resulted in more radical damage that causes the breaking of the adenine and guanine aromatic rings. Our study demonstrates the advantage of using UV Raman spectroscopy for rapidly monitoring the oxidation changes in DNA aqueous solutions that can be assigned to specific nitrogenous bases.

Metabolic machinery encrypted in the Raman spectrum of influenza A virus‐inoculated mammalian cells

“…As previously mentioned in describing the spectral Zone I (Figure c,d), spectral Zone II contains a clear fingerprint of a process of depletion in adenosine triphosphate due to hydrolysis of phosphoanhydride phosphate bonds that the cells employ in response to virus inoculation. In spectral Zone II after virus inoculation, the intensity of the main band of deoxyadenosine triphosphate (i.e., Band 52 at 1331 cm −1 in Table and Figures c,d; D'Amico et al, ) showed a significant reduction at 48 hr and then remained stable at the same level at 72 hr after inoculation. Concurrently, Band 33 ++ at 1090 cm −1 appeared, which arises from O–P–O stretching in adenosine diphosphate (Jenkins, Tuma, Juuti, Bamford, & Thomas, ).…”

“…Regarding the above item (a), such newly observed emission has also been related to ring vibrations in tyrosine and it was shown strongly enhanced in oxidized deoxyguanosine triphosphate (D'Amico et al, ; Lakshimi et al, ; Thomas, ). This interpretation is supported by the observed intensity enhancement for Bands 42 and 45, which was discussed in the previous section as a fingerprint of tyrosine kinase activation upon virus inoculation (Eierhoff et al, ; cf.…”

“…Figure a,b show the spectral Zone III in the C═O (carbonyl) and C═C double‐bond region (1,400–1,750 cm −1 ) for isolated MDCK cell and Influenza A virus samples, respectively. In Table , all bands found in this spectral zone are labeled according to literature (Bieker & Schmidt, ; D'Amico et al, ; Krafft et al, ; Lakshimi et al, ; Lu et al, ; Madzharova et al, ; Malini et al, ; Notingher et al, ; Peticolas, ; Shetty et al, ; Talari et al, ; Teh et al, ; Thomas, ; Tuma, ; Tuma & Thomas, ). There were significant differences between the spectra of cells and virus also in this high‐frequency zone.…”

Study of Adenine and Guanine Oxidation Mechanism by Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroelectrochemistry

“…The results presented in these works suggest that guanine (G) is oxidized to 8-oxoguanine Raman bands assignments of G, 8-oxoG and 8-oxoG ox have been experimentally and theoretically (DFT) proposed. 43,44,49,50 Potential dependent SERS spectra of guanine adsorbed on AuNPs/SWCNT electrode, shown in Fig. 4, and vibrational assignment, summarized in Table 2, are completely correlated to the guanine oxidation mechanism.…”

“…Adenine oxidation mechanism has been described in previous works 21,37,38 . These works suggest that adenine (A) is oxidized to 2-oxoadenine Experimental and theoretical assignments of A, 2-oxoA and 2,8-dioxoA Raman bands has been proposed previously [39][40][41][42][43][44] from data experimentally obtained and from calculated data using density functional theory (DFT). The potential dependent SERS spectra of adenine adsorbed on AuNPs/SWCNT electrode, shown in Fig.…”