“…However, to date, the published research works exploring ILs for the valorization of lignin through its depolymerization have involved relatively harsh conditions: temperatures higher than 100 °C, oxygen pressures, additional metal/acid catalysts, etc . Such is the case, in particular, of the works investigating, for this purpose, the IL 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([C 2 mim][OAc]). − This is an archetypal IL in the pretreatment and dissolution of lignocellulosic biomass, exhibiting a remarkably high lignin dissolution capacity, ,,, along with other appealing attributes: reasonably good thermal stability, liquid character down to far below room temperature, good biocompatibility, and low toxicity. ,− Theoretical studies have evidenced a strong hydrogen-bond interaction between lignin model solutes and ILs like [C 2 mim][OAc], containing an anion with a remarkable hydrogen-bond acceptor character . Nevertheless, it has also been shown that both the [C 2 mim] + cation and the [OAc] − anion play an active role, for example, in the mechanisms of dissolution of lignin in this IL, with the two ions establishing key interactions with hydroxyl groups of the lignin structure …”