Oxidative desulfurization of simulated light fuel oil and untreated kerosene

Investigation of Influential Parameters in Deep Oxidative Desulfurization of Dibenzothiophene with Hydrogen Peroxide and Formic Acid

“…At first, 50 mL of the sample fuel was poured into the reactor and heated to the desired temperature. In all experiments, the temperature was set at 65 ∘ C, as the optimal temperature for ODS in the presence of hydrogen peroxide [9]. Then, a proper amount of sulfuric acid (95-98%) was added to the system leisurely, and the mixture was stirred simultaneously.…”

“…In addition, the amount of DBT in model fuel was measured, before and after extraction to find out the effect of extraction step on removal of DBT and sulfones, and it was revealed that negligible amount of DBT could be removed by the lonely process of extraction, whereas the most part of sulfur removal was due to the extraction of polar sulfones and/or sulfoxides by acetonitrile. Therefore, desulfurization by means of oxidative method followed by extraction should be applied as an appropriate method to treat the fuel [9].…”

“…At the second stage, these highly polarized products are removed from the fuels by adsorption or liquid-liquid extraction [4,5]. Various oxidation systems for ODS process with different oxidants and catalysts have been employed, such as H 2 O 2 /acetic acid [6][7][8], H 2 O 2 /formic acid [4,9,10], H 2 O 2 /heterogeneous catalysts [11][12][13], H 2 O 2 /ionic liquid [14,15] oxygen/aldehyde [16], ozone/heterogeneous catalysts [17], and tert-butyl hydroperoxide/heterogeneous catalysts [18][19][20]. Hydrogen peroxide is the most common oxidant for ODS proces, because it is cheap, environmentally friendly, and commercially available.…”

Modification of C/TiO2@MCM-41 with nickel nanoparticles for photocatalytic desulfurization enhancement of a diesel fuel model under visible light

“…In conventional HDS, it is difficult to reduce the sulfur of liquid fuels to a very low level (<1 ppm). In order to reach sulfur level to zero, refractory sulfur compounds such as DBT and its derivatives must be separated from diesel fuels [4][5][6][7].…”

Extraction of Oxidized Sulfur‐Containing Compounds of Non‐Hydrotreated Gas Oil

“…Among these oxidants, hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) is preferentially chosen as the primary oxidant [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36] due to its environmentally benign properties. However, H 2 O 2 needs to be activated in the presence of a catalyst such as formic acid [23,25,26,[28][29][30][31][32], acetic acid [6,22,23,25,27], acetic acid-sulfuric acid [24], phosphotungstic acid [33], sulfuric acid [34], iron-complexes (TAML, activators) [35], and activated carbon plus formic acid [36], etc. Among different oxidation systems, the H 2 O 2 /carboxylic acid system (especially formic acid) has several advantages such as reaction simplicity, commercial availability of catalyst, and no requirement to have the solvent and the solid catalyst in the oxidation media.…”