Oxidative potential and chemical speciation of size-resolved particulate matter (PM) at near-freeway and urban background sites in the greater Beirut area

Daher, Nancy; Saliba, Najat A.; Shihadeh, Alan; Jaafar, Malek; Baalbaki, Rima; Shafer, Martin M.; Schauer, James J.; Sioutas, Constantinos

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.09.104

Cited by 87 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…However, OP DTT was negatively correlated with most chemical constituents and the highest anti-correlation was observed for Gd, Nd, Mo, Pb (Spearman's r ranking between -0.69 and -0.52; p<0.01), other metals and alkanes (V, Cd, Fe, Zn, Ce and C20-C32: Spearman's r ranking between -0.46 and -0.40; p<0.05). OP DCFH (nmol/m 3 ) showed a positive correlation with the PM mass concentration (rs =0.65; p<0.01) in agreement with many other previous studies on this topic (Araujo et al, 2009;Saffari et al, 2013;Daher et al, 2014). OP DCFH also showed a positive correlation with the major chemical components of particles including OC, TC, SO4 2-, NO3and NH4 + (rs =0.49-0.57; p<0.01).…”

Section: Correlation Between Op and Pm Chemical Constituentssupporting

confidence: 90%

PM chemical composition and oxidative potential of the soluble fraction of particles at two sites in the urban area of Milan, Northern Italy

Perrone

Zhou

Malandrino

et al. 2016

Atmospheric Environment

100

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Recent epidemiological evidence support the hypothesis that health effects from inhalation of air particles are governed by more than just particle mass, since specific chemical components have been identified as important contributors to mortality and hospitality admissions. We studied the chemical composition and the oxidative potential (OP) of total suspended particle (TSP) samples from Milan at two sites with different traffic loads: a site in the low emission zone (LEZ) and a traffic site (TR) outside. Two a-cellular assays; dithiothreitol (OP DTT) and 2',7' dichlorofluorescin (OP DCFH) were used to characterize the OP of the soluble fraction of TSP. TSP samples from LEZ showed significantly lower concentrations of traffic-related chemical components compared to TR. The decrease in the concentrations from TR to LEZ was maximum for EC, with a LEZ/TR ratio of 0.64 (±0.18), and a significant reduction (p<0.01) was also observed for PAHs (LEZ/TR= 0.73± 0.16), elements (Mn, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb: LEZ/TR ranged between 0.64-0.82), OC (LEZ/TR= 0.85± 0.12) and NH4 + (LEZ/TR= 0.92± 0.07). OP measures, expressed as OP/m 3 or OP/mg, were comparable between sites both for OP DTT and OP DCFH , thus not showing any significant impact of local traffic on OP values at sites. OP DTT and OP DCFH showed contrasting seasonal and daily trends, indicating that the two a-cellular assays gave complementary information on the OP of particles in Milan. The two OP assays resulted to be sensitive to different chemical properties of PM samples. OP DTT correlated positively only with Global Radiation (Spearman's rs= 0.38, p<0.05), which could be considered as a proxy for high concentrations of secondary oxidizing organics, while OP DCFH was related to various PM chemical species, mainly correlated with total mass (rs= 0.65; p<0.01), elements (e.g. Zn, rs=0.67; As, rs=0.65; p<0.01) and the sum of sulfate and nitrate (rs= 0.63; p<0.01), a proxy for secondary aerosol.

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Section: Correlation Between Op and Pm Chemical Constituentssupporting

confidence: 90%

PM chemical composition and oxidative potential of the soluble fraction of particles at two sites in the urban area of Milan, Northern Italy

Perrone

Zhou

Malandrino

et al. 2016

Atmospheric Environment

100

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“…The PM mass-normalized ROS outcomes from these 4 light-duty vehicles can be put into context by comparing to previously-published results using the same assay for both ambient PM samples and PM emitted from heavy-duty vehicles (Saffari et al, 2014a). The macrophage-mediated ROS induced by the PM emitted from vehicles in this study averaged 6409 μg ZU mg −1 , which is approximately midrange of the values reported for a variety of urban ambient PM samples (Shafer et al, 2016), as well as for the ultrafine PM, the size range into which most vehicular emissions fall (Saffari et al, 2016;Daher et al, 2014). ROS ranged from 740 to 9200 μg ZU mg −1 in a large set of ambient urban European PM samples (Shafer et al, 2016), a slightly wider, but overlapping range to that of the tailpipe samples from the current study.…”

Section: Oxidative Potentialsupporting

confidence: 56%

Physical, chemical, and toxicological characteristics of particulate emissions from current technology gasoline direct injection vehicles

Yang

Roth

Ruehl

et al. 2019

Science of The Total Environment

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• Cold-start dominated the production of black carbon and particle number emissions. • Elevated PM emissions during the hard accelerations of the test cycle • Overall, GDI PM samples showed that acute exposure toxicity was low for ROS generation and inflammatory potential. • Correlation of trace metals and oxidative potential suggests a role for insoluble particles in inducing oxidative stress.

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“…The available works on PM-bound metal mass size distribution confirm the tendency of PM-bound heavy metals to accumulate in the finest PM particles (e.g. Fernandez et al 2001;Daher et al 2012;Rogula-Kozłowska et al 2012, 2013bDaher et al 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…There are two main reasons for the interest in PM 2.5 compositions. One is the adverse health effect that PM 2.5 exerts (Englert 2004;Pope and Dockery 2006;Kennedy 2007;Viana et al 2008a, b;Belis et al 2013;Cheng et al 2014;Daher et al 2014). The other is the possibility of using such knowledge to manage air quality (assessment of PM emission source percentages, elaboration of actions that will limit the PM concentrations in the researched areas).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The elemental composition and origin of fine ambient particles in the largest Polish conurbation: first results from the short-term winter campaign

Majewski

Rogula–Kozłowska

2015

Theor Appl Climatol

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Diurnal (24-h) samples of fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 , ambient particles with an aerodynamic diameter not greater than 2.5 μm) and soil samples were collected in an urban area in Warsaw, in winter. The samples were analysed for 24 elements with an Epsilon 5 spectrometer (PANalytical). The results were then arranged and compared with the results of research conducted earlier in Poland and other parts of the world. Afterwards, sources of ambient PM 2.5 were identified and the share of each in the concentration of PM 2.5 was evaluated by means of enrichment factor (EF) analysis, principal component analysis (PCA) and multi-linear regression analysis (MLRA). The results were interpreted using a detailed analysis of correlations between diurnal concentrations of PM 2.5 , PM 2.5 -elements, and of changes in meteorological conditions. The winter average ambient concentration of PM 2.5 in Warsaw, was 10.7±7.5 μg/m 3 and was much lower than in the other sites in Poland. In Warsaw, regardless of the concentration of PM 2.5 , the concentrations of certain PM 2.5 -bound elements, mainly toxic, were high, e.g. the average ambient concentrations of PM 2.5 -bound Se, As, Co, V, Cd and Ni were 12.7±30.5, 10.6±34.4, 9.4±13.7, 15.1±32.7, 9.6±22.2 and 3.5±5.0 ng/m 3 , respectively. The elemental composition and concentrations of PM 2.5 appeared to be influenced mainly by the anthropogenic emissions (energy production based on coal and biomass combustion, whose mean contribution to the concentration of PM 2.5 was 18.4 %, and energy production based on oil combustion with a contribution of 9.9 % in PM 2.5 ). A mixture of soil matter and road dust was also identified in PM 2.5 (8 %). The mean contribution of traffic (exhaust) emissions to the concentration of PM 2.5 in an urban area, selected as representative of the Warsaw conurbation, was assessed at 15.4 %.

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Oxidative potential and chemical speciation of size-resolved particulate matter (PM) at near-freeway and urban background sites in the greater Beirut area

Cited by 87 publications

References 66 publications

PM chemical composition and oxidative potential of the soluble fraction of particles at two sites in the urban area of Milan, Northern Italy

PM chemical composition and oxidative potential of the soluble fraction of particles at two sites in the urban area of Milan, Northern Italy

Physical, chemical, and toxicological characteristics of particulate emissions from current technology gasoline direct injection vehicles

The elemental composition and origin of fine ambient particles in the largest Polish conurbation: first results from the short-term winter campaign

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