Oxidative stress and antioxidant status in dairy cows during prepartal and postpartal periods

Abstract

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the indicators of oxidative stress (malondialdehyde [MDA]) and antioxidant status (ferric reducing ability of plasma [FRAP]; superoxide dismutase [SOD]; glutathione peroxidase [GSH-Px]; selenium [Se]; vitamin E) in dairy cows of the Slovak Pied cattle from 3 weeks before parturition to 9 weeks after parturition. The mean MDA concentration was significantly (P < 0.001) higher in the cows 1 week after calving compared to the cows 3, 6, and 9 weeks after calving. The lowest mean FRAP value was found in the cows 3 weeks after parturition. The SOD activities were increased during the whole monitored time (ANOVA, P < 0.001). A significant (P < 0.05) decrease of GSH-Px activities was recorded in the cows 1 week after calving compared to the weeks 6 and 9 after calving. Statistical multiple comparison test showed no significant changes in Se between the examined groups. The lowest mean vitamin E concentration was found in the first week after parturition. Significantly positive correlations (P < 0.05) were recorded between Se and vitamin E (r = 0.897), SOD and GSH-Px (r = 0.903), while Se and GSH-Px had no significantly positive correlation (r = 0.520). Significant changes between MDA and indicators of oxidative stress (SOD, GSH-Px, vitamin E) confirm that during parturition and onset of lactation, oxidative stress occurs in dairy cows. Exposure of peripartal cows to oxidative stress may cause an increased incidence of metabolic diseases.

The application of mesenchymal progenitor stem cells for the reduction of oxidative stress in animals

“…In the case of dairy cows, sheep, and goats, the perinatal period is very important, when the organism's metabolic activity achieves the highest level (Konvičná et al, 2015). A rapid increase in fetus weight is noted in the last days before birth.…”

“…In dairy cows, the predisposing factor is dietary mistakes committed in the last few months of lactation and in the dry period (Blowey, 2005). In addition, fat increased mobilization from the subcutaneous tissue in the perinatal period leads to increased production of lipid peroxide and reactive oxygen species (Konvičná et al, 2015), which contributes to a reduction in the antioxidant capacity of an organism in early lactation (Turk et al, 2005). Similar results were observed in sheep and goats (El-Deeb, 2015).…”

“…Under normal conditions, an organism seeking the balance equilibrium removes reactive compounds using protective substances and enzymes. Disturbances that occur in the accumulation of these are referred to as oxidative stress (Nisar et al, 2013;Konvičná et al, 2015).…”

Evaluation of the relationship between milk glutathione peroxidase activity, milk composition and various parameters of subclinical mastitis under seasonal variations

“…The data obtained from the cited literature provide conflicting results (HAMED et al, 2008;MATEI et al, 2011;YANG et al, 2011). Some studies have investigated the activity of GSH-Px in bovine colostrum, milk and blood over a short period after calving, and in specific conditions such as clinical or subclinical mastitis (KANKOFER et al, 2010;ANDREI et al, 2011;ERISIR et al, 2011;KONVICNA et al, 2015). GSH-Px activity at different stages of lactation has also been determined (PILARCZYK et al, 2012).…”

“…Oxidative stress, characterised by an increased production of free radicals and decreased antioxidant defense, is the result of an imbalance between oxidant and antioxidant mechanisms (SORDILLO and AITKEN, 2009;KONVICNA et al, 2015). Oxidants lead to damage to the biological macromolecules of cells, and disruption of normal metabolism and physiology.…”