Oxidative stress and enzymatic antioxidant mechanisms in essential hypertension

Sáez, Guillermo; Tormos, Maria C.; Giner, Vicente; Lozano, José Vicente; Chaves, F.J.; Armengod, M.-Eugenia; Redón, Josep

doi:10.1016/s0895-7061(01)01983-5

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…The interrelations of neurohormonal systems, oxidative stress and cardiovascular disease is shown in Figure 1. The increased oxidative stress and inflammation in human hypertension is thus a combination of increased generation of ROS, an exacerbated response to ROS and a decreased antioxidant reserve [Saez et al 2001;Dhalla et al 2000;Russo et al 1998;Galley et al 1997;Tse et al 1994].…”

Section: Hypertension and Oxidative Stress In Humansmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of cellular micronutrient analysis, nutraceuticals, vitamins, antioxidants and minerals in the prevention and treatment of hypertension and cardiovascular disease

Houston

2010

Therapeutic Advances in Cardiovascular Disease

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Macronutrient and micronutrient deficiencies are very common in the general population and may be even more common in patients with hypertension and cardiovascular disease due to genetic, environmental causes and prescription drug use. The Hypertension Institute in Nashville, TN, has evaluated micronutrient deficiencies and oxidation status, in a group of hypertensive versus normotensive patients. There are significant differences in numerous intracellular micronutrients and oxidation status between these two groups. Replacement of the micronutrient deficiencies, as well as high-dose therapy of selected nutraceuticals in combination with optimal diet, exercise and weight management resulted in control of blood pressure to goal levels in 62% of the hypertensive population (as defined by JNC 7) over a period of 6 months with complete tapering and discontinuation of antihypertensive drugs. These deficiencies will have an enormous impact on present and future cardiovascular health and outcomes such as hypertension, myocardial infarction, stroke and renal disease and overall health costs. It is estimated that the annual savings in drug costs alone for the treatment of hypertension could be as much as US$10 billion. Diagnosis and treatment of these nutrient deficiencies and improvement in oxidation status using functional intracellular assessments will reduce blood pressure, improve vascular health, endothelial dysfunction, vascular biology and cardiovascular events. Vascular biology assumes a pivotal role in the initiation and perpetuation of hypertension and target organ damage sequelae. Endothelial activation, oxidative stress, inflammation and vascular smooth muscle dysfunction are initial events that start hypertension. Nutrient-gene interactions determine a broad array of phenotypic consequences such as vascular problems and hypertension. Optimal nutrition, nutraceuticals, vitamins, antioxidants, minerals, weight loss, exercise, smoking cessation and moderate restriction of alcohol and caffeine in addition to other lifestyle modifications can prevent and control hypertension in many patients. An integrative approach combining these lifestyle suggestions with the correct pharmacologic treatment will best achieve new goal blood pressure levels, reduce cardiovascular risk factors, improve vascular biology and vascular health, reduce cardiovascular target organ damage and reduce healthcare expenditure. The expanded scientific roles for nutraceutical supplements are discussed in relation to the prevention and treatment of essential hypertension and cardiovascular diseases with emphasis on mechanisms of action and clinical integration with drug therapy with hypertension guidelines. It is the purpose of this paper to review only the hypertension clinical trials that have evaluated the clinical use and efficacy of nutrition, weight loss, exercise and selected nutritional supplements, vitamins, minerals and antioxidants. Numerous clinical trials have evaluated the use of nutritional supplements such as beta carotene, sele...

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Section: Hypertension and Oxidative Stress In Humansmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of cellular micronutrient analysis, nutraceuticals, vitamins, antioxidants and minerals in the prevention and treatment of hypertension and cardiovascular disease

Houston

2010

Therapeutic Advances in Cardiovascular Disease

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“…The inter-relations of neurohormonal systems, oxidative stress and cardiovascular disease are shown in Figures 6 and 7. The increased oxidative stress, inflammation and autoimmune vascular dysfunction in human hypertension results from a combination of increased generation of ROS and RNS, an exacerbated response to ROS and RNS and a decreased antioxidant reserve [24][25][26][27][28][29] . Increased oxidative stress in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) enhances glutamatergic excitatory inputs and attenuates GABA-ergic inhibitory inputs to the RVLM which contributes to increased sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activity from the paraventricular nucleus [30] .…”

Section: Oxidative Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of nutrition and nutraceutical supplements in the treatment of hypertension

Houston¹

2014

WJC

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Vascular biology, endothelial and vascular smooth muscle and cardiac dysfunction play a primary role in the initiation and perpetuation of hypertension, cardiovascular disease and target organ damage. Nutrientgene interactions and epigenetics are predominant factors in promoting beneficial or detrimental effects in cardiovascular health and hypertension. Macronutrients and micronutrients can prevent, control and treat hypertension through numerous mechanisms related to vascular biology. Oxidative stress, inflammation and autoimmune dysfunction initiate and propagate hypertension and cardiovascular disease. There is a role for the selected use of single and component nutraceutical supplements, vitamins, antioxidants and minerals in the treatment of hypertension based on scientifically controlled studies which complement optimal nutrition, coupled with other lifestyle modifications.© 2014 Baishideng Publishing Group Co., Limited. All rights reserved.Key words: Hypertension; Nutrition; Nutritional supplements; Cardiovascular disease; Vascular biology Core tip: Vascular biology and endothelial dysfunction play a primary roles in hypertension and subsequent cardiovascular disease. Micronutrients, macronutrients and optimal nutrition and nutritional supplements can prevent, control and treat hypertension through numerous mechanisms related to vascular biology. These treatments are complementary to drug therapy. Oxidative stress, inflammation and autoimmune dysfunction initiate and propagate hypertension and cardiovascular disease. There is a role for the selected use of single and component nutraceutical supplements, vitamins, antioxidants and minerals in the treatment of hypertension based on scientifically controlled studies which complement optimal nutrition, coupled with other lifestyle modifications.Houston M. The role of nutrition and nutraceutical supplements in the treatment of hypertension. World J Cardiol 2014; 6(2): 38-66 Available from:

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“…Various neurohormonal systems including the renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone system and sympathetic nervous system also contribute to oxidative stress, inflammation, and vascular immune dysfunctions. The increased oxidative stress, inflammation, and autoimmune vascular dysfunction in human hypertension results from a combination of increased generation of ROS and RNS, an exacerbated response to ROS and RNS, and decreased antioxidant reserve . There are also direct interactions of the central nervous system, inflammation, and BP.…”

Section: Pathophysiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrition and Nutraceutical Supplements for the Treatment of Hypertension: Part I

Houston

2013

J of Clinical Hypertension

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Vascular biology, endothelial and vascular smooth muscle, and cardiac dysfunction play a primary role in the initiation and perpetuation of hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and target organ damage. Nutrient‐gene interactions and epigenetics are predominant factors in promoting beneficial or detrimental effects in cardiovascular health and hypertension. Macronutrients and micronutrients may be able to prevent, control, or treat hypertension through numerous mechanisms related to vascular biology or other mechanisms. Oxidative stress, inflammation, and autoimmune dysfunction are some of the primary factors that initiate and propagate hypertension and cardiovascular disease. The literature suggests that there may be a complementary role of single and component nutraceutical supplements, vitamins, antioxidants, and minerals in the treatment of hypertension when combined with optimal nutrition and other lifestyle modifications. However, many of these studies are small and do not have long‐term follow‐up for efficacy and safety. The role of these nutrition and nutraceutical supplements will require careful review and additional studies to determine their exact role in the management of hypertension.

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Oxidative stress and enzymatic antioxidant mechanisms in essential hypertension

Cited by 9 publications

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The role of cellular micronutrient analysis, nutraceuticals, vitamins, antioxidants and minerals in the prevention and treatment of hypertension and cardiovascular disease

The role of cellular micronutrient analysis, nutraceuticals, vitamins, antioxidants and minerals in the prevention and treatment of hypertension and cardiovascular disease

The role of nutrition and nutraceutical supplements in the treatment of hypertension

Nutrition and Nutraceutical Supplements for the Treatment of Hypertension: Part I

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