Oxidative Stress and Lipid Retention in Vascular Grafts

Shi, Yi; Patel, Sachin; Davenpeck, Kelly L.; Niculescu, Rodica; Rodriguez, Evelio; Magno, Michael G.; Ormont, Michael L.; Mannion, John D.; Zalewski, Andrew

doi:10.1161/01.cir.103.19.2408

Cited by 60 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Another study that has compared ROS production in the HSV with that in the IMA from CABG patients did not find significant differences in superoxide production between these two vessels (12). Porcine normal and grafted venous superoxide production was higher than that in normal and grafted arteries, respectively (30). We also have observed higher superoxide production by the superior mesenteric vein compared with the superior mesenteric artery (data not shown).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 50%

“…Veins also develop specific pathologies, such as deep vein thrombosis and chronic venous insufficiency. In addition, venous grafts are used in coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery with different properties and outcomes compared with arteries (21,30). All these facts point out the need for a better understanding of the basic physiology of the venous system.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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A comparison of reactive oxygen species metabolism in the rat aorta and vena cava: focus on xanthine oxidase

Szasz

Thompson

Watts

2008

American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology

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Szasz T, Thompson JM, Watts SW. A comparison of reactive oxygen species metabolism in the rat aorta and vena cava: focus on xanthine oxidase. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 295: H1341-H1350, 2008. First published July 25, 2008 doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00569.2008.-Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are important mediators in vascular biology. Venous function, although relevant to cardiovascular disease, is still understudied. We compared aspects of ROS metabolism between a major artery (the aorta) and a major vein (the vena cava, VC) of the rat, with the hypothesis that venous ROS metabolism would be overall increased compared with its arterial counterpart. Superoxide and hydrogen peroxide (H 2O2) release in basal conditions was higher in VC compared with aorta. The antioxidant capacity for H 2O2 was also higher in VC than in aorta. Exogenous superoxide induced a higher contraction in VC compared with aorta. Protein expression of three major ROS metabolizing enzymes, xanthine oxidase (XO), CuZn-SOD, and catalase, was higher in VC compared with aorta. Because XO seemed a likely source of the higher VC ROS levels, we examined it further and found higher mRNA expression and activity of XO in VC compared with aorta. We also investigated the impact of XO inhibition by allopurinol on aorta and VC functional responses to norepinephrine, ANG II, ET-1, and ACh. Maximal ET-1-mediated contraction was decreased by allopurinol in VC but not in the aorta. Our results suggest that there are overall differences in ROS metabolism between aorta and VC, with the latter operating normally at a higher set point, releasing but also being able to handle, higher ROS levels. We propose XO to be an important source for these differences. The result of this particular comparison may be reflective of a general arteriovenous contrast. vascular biology; vein VEINS ARE OFTEN OVERLOOKED when the contribution of the vascular system to systemic pathophysiology is considered. Yet, besides being a passive clearance conduit of every organ and tissue, veins hold most of the circulating blood (ϳ70%), a volume that can be actively moved by their contractile properties (28). Increases in mean circulatory filling pressure, a measure of venomotor tone (26), have been reported in the developmental stages of several experimental models of hypertension (9,19,43), indicating a potential contribution of the venous system in the pathophysiology of hypertension. Veins also develop specific pathologies, such as deep vein thrombosis and chronic venous insufficiency. In addition, venous grafts are used in coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery with different properties and outcomes compared with arteries (21, 30). All these facts point out the need for a better understanding of the basic physiology of the venous system.Although they possess the same basic three-layer design as arteries, veins are structurally and functionally different from arteries. The smooth muscle component of veins is smaller than that of arteries, and there are overall differences between arter...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 50%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparison of reactive oxygen species metabolism in the rat aorta and vena cava: focus on xanthine oxidase

Szasz

Thompson

Watts

2008

American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology

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show abstract

“…In this respect, increased ROS are associated with a variety of vascular disorders such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, restenosis after angioplasty or bypass, diabetic vascular complications, transplantation arteriopathy, and vascular aneurysm (5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12). ROS-mediated gene expression regulation has recently been extensively studied at epigenetic and transcriptional levels (3-5, 13, 14).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Involvement of MicroRNAs in Hydrogen Peroxide-mediated Gene Regulation and Cellular Injury Response in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells

Lin

Liu

Cheng

et al. 2009

Journal of Biological Chemistry

215

162

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The current literature indicates an increasing body of evidence demonstrating that reactive oxygen species (ROS) 3 such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) are involved in the pathogenesis of many vascular diseases by modulating expression of a large number of genes related to vascular cell differentiation, proliferation, migration, and apoptosis (1-5). In this respect, increased ROS are associated with a variety of vascular disorders such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, restenosis after angioplasty or bypass, diabetic vascular complications, transplantation arteriopathy, and vascular aneurysm (5-12). ROS-mediated gene expression regulation has recently been extensively studied at epigenetic and transcriptional levels (3-5, 13, 14). It is clear that exposure of vascular cells to ROS modulates oxidation-sensitive signaling pathways and transcription factors that could be an important mechanism responsible for ROS-mediated expression changes of multiple genes.Recent studies reveal that post-transcriptional controls of gene expression such as translational regulation are as important as epigenetic and transcriptional controls (15, 16). However, the effects of ROS on gene expression regulation at the translational level are currently unclear.MicroRNAs (miRNAs) comprise a novel class of endogenous, small, noncoding RNAs that negatively regulate gene expression via degradation or translational inhibition of their target mRNAs (17)(18)(19)(20). Functionally, an individual miRNA is as important as a transcription factor, because it is able to regulate the expression of its multiple target genes. Analogous to the first RNA revolution in the 1980s when Cech (21) discovered the enzymatic activity of RNA, this recent discovery of miRNA and RNA interference may represent the second RNA revolution (22). Currently, ϳ700 miRNAs have been identified and sequenced in humans (23,24), and the estimated number of miRNA genes is as high as 1000 in the human genome (23-25). As a group, miRNAs may directly regulate at least 30% of the genes in a cell (25,26). It is not surprising that miRNAs are involved in the regulation of almost all major cellular functions, such as cell differentiation, proliferation/growth, mobility, and apoptosis. Therefore, miRNAs could be the pivotal regulators in normal development and physiology, as well as disease states, including vascular disease (24).Although miRNAs represent a new layer of gene expression regulators at the translational level, the effects of ROS on miRNA expression and the potential roles of miRNAs in ROS-* This work was supported, in whole or in part, by National Institutes of Health Grant HL080133. The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C.

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“…28,29 The grafted vein is then targeted by an acute inflammatory response involving neutrophil and mononuclear cell recruitment and oxidative stress persists. 28 Extracellular matrix (ECM) remodelling and migration of medial VSMCs into the intima occurs within the first week after implantation.…”

Section: Pathogenesis Of Vein Graft Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Vein graft failure: current clinical practice and potential for gene therapeutics

et al. 2012

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Autologous saphenous vein is commonly used as a conduit to bypass atherosclerotic lesions in coronary and femoral arteries. Despite the wide use of arterial conduits, which are less susceptible to complications and failure, as alternative conduits, the saphenous vein will continue to be used in coronary artery bypass grafting until acceptable alternative approaches are evaluated. Hence, preservation of vein graft patency is essential for the long-term success. Gene therapy is attractive in this setting as an ex-vivo technology to genetically manipulate the conduit before grafting. The use of safe and efficient vectors for delivery is a necessity as well as a strategy to improve patency in the long term. Here, we review the current clinical practice, the pathogenesis of bypass graft failure and adenovirus-mediated gene therapy strategies designed to improve late vein graft failure by modulation of smooth muscle cells in the vein wall.

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Oxidative Stress and Lipid Retention in Vascular Grafts

Cited by 60 publications

References 45 publications

A comparison of reactive oxygen species metabolism in the rat aorta and vena cava: focus on xanthine oxidase

A comparison of reactive oxygen species metabolism in the rat aorta and vena cava: focus on xanthine oxidase

Involvement of MicroRNAs in Hydrogen Peroxide-mediated Gene Regulation and Cellular Injury Response in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells

Vein graft failure: current clinical practice and potential for gene therapeutics

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