Oxidative stress and nitric oxide are increased in obese children and correlate with cardiometabolic risk and renal function

Abstract

Oxidative stress and nitric oxide (NO) appear to represent important links between obesity and cardiovascular, metabolic and/or renal disease. We investigated whether oxidative stress and NO production/metabolism are increased in overweight and obese prepubertal children and correlate with cardiometabolic risk and renal function. We performed a cross-sectional evaluation of 313 children aged 8-9 years. Anthropometrics, 24-h ambulatory blood pressure, pulse wave velocity (PWV), insulin resistance (homoeostasis model assessment index (HOMA-IR)), inflammatory/metabolic biomarkers, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), plasma total antioxidant status (TAS), plasma and urinary isoprostanes (P-Isop, U-Isop), urinary hydrogen peroxide (U-H 2 O 2 ), and plasma and urinary nitrates and nitrites (P-NOx, U-NOx) were compared among normal weight, overweight and obese groups, according to WHO BMI z-score reference. U-Isop were increased in the obese group, whereas U-NOx were increased in both overweight and obese children. U-Isop were positively correlated with U-H 2 O 2 , myeloperoxidase (MPO), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, HOMA-IR and TAG. TAS correlated negatively with U-Isop and MPO and positively with PWV. HOMA-IR and U-H 2 O 2 were associated with higher U-Isop, independently of BMI and eGFR, and total cholesterol and U-H 2 O 2 were associated with U-NOx, independently of BMI, eGFR values and P-NOx concentration. In overweight and obese children, eGFR decreased across P-NOx tertiles (median: 139·3 (25th, 75th percentile 128·0, 146·5), 128·0 (25th, 75th percentile 121·5, 140·4), 129·5 (25th, 75th percentile 119·4, 138·3), P for linear trend = 0·003). We conclude that oxidant status and NO are increased Abbreviations: ABPM, ambulatory blood pressure monitoring; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HOMA-IR, homoeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; hs-CRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; MAP, mean arterial pressure; MPO, myeloperoxidase; NO, nitric oxide; NOS, NO synthase; P-Isop, plasma isoprostanes; P-NOx, plasma nitrates and nitrites; PWV, pulse wave velocity; ROS, reactive oxygen species; TAS, total antioxidant status; U-H 2 O 2 , urinary hydrogen peroxide; U-Isop, urinary isoprostanes; U-NOx, urinary nitrates and nitrites; WHtR, waist:height ratio.

One-year follow-up of clinical, metabolic and oxidative stress profile of morbid obese patients after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy. 8-oxo-dG as a clinical marker

“…As is all known and recently reported, impaired redox balance due to an increased systemic oxidative can cause the development of obesity-related complications [59], [60].…”

Research update for articles published in EJCI in 2016

“…13 We further showed that myeloperoxidase correlated positively with isoprostanes which, in turn, were positively correlated with insulin resistance and triglycerides in the same children. 14 Noteworthy, in a recent study involving 930 prepubertal children, myeloperoxidase was shown to be increased in children presenting cardiometabolic derangements and to contribute to this metabolically unhealthy status, in adjusted regression models. 15 No new evidence was found regarding myeloperoxidase association with nondipping or pulse wave velocity.…”

The influence of the perinatal chronic hyperglycaemia on the pattern of NOS isoforms expression in left ventricle myocardium in male rats of pre-pubertal age

“…Так, встановлено, що з порушенням його біосинтезу та метаболізму пов'язані такі захворю-вання, як ішемічна хвороба серця, інфаркт міокарда, артеріальна гіпертензія, бронхіальна астма, нейродеге-неративні захворювання (хвороба Альцгеймера, хвороба Паркінсона), цукровий діабет, метаболічний Х-синдром [4,5]. Той незаперечний факт, що при цілому ряді захво-рювань, у патогенезі розвитку яких лежать порушення вуглеводного та жирового обмінів, виявлені зміни в системі моноксиду азоту [6], слугує вагомим підґрунтям можливого зв'язку пренатальної гіперглікемії із пору-шенням у системі монооксиду азоту та формуванням захворювань у зрілому віці.…”