Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Cystic Fibrosis and Cystic Fibrosis-Related Diabetes in Children: A Literature Review

Abstract

The most common inherited condition that results in death, particularly in those of Caucasian heritage, is cystic fibrosis (CF). Of all the young adults diagnosed with cystic fibrosis, 20% will develop hyperglycemia as a complication, later classified as a disease associated with cystic fibrosis. Impaired insulin secretion and glucose intolerance represent the primary mechanisms associated with diabetes (type 1 or type 2) and cystic fibrosis. Oxidative stress represents the imbalance between oxygen-reactive species and antioxidant defense mechanisms. This pathogenic mechanism is vital in triggering other chronic diseases, including cystic fibrosis-related diabetes. It is essential to understand oxidative stress and the significant impact it has on CFRD. This way, therapies can be individually adjusted and tailored to each patient’s needs. This review aims to understand the connection between CFRD and oxidative stress. As a subsidiary element, we analyzed the effects of glycemic balance on complications and their evolution over time, providing insights into their potential benefits in mitigating oxidative stress-associated complications.

Effect of vitamin D supplementation on glycemic control in type 1 diabetes mellitus

“…Bedowra's research demonstrates that in type 1 diabetes, where the majority of patients were female and the median duration of the disease was 2.5 years, vitamin D deficiency is more prevalent than vitamin D insufficiency [32]. It has been shown that vitamin D insufficiency is more common where most of sample studied were males newly diagnosed with diabetes [33]. Mean serum calcium was on lower normal in both vitamin D deficit and insufficient patients and this is due to not only decrease serum vitamin D but also increase in glucose blood level, resulting in a significant decrease in the concentration of the serum calcium [34].…”

Oxidative stress in the brain–lung crosstalk: cellular and molecular perspectives

“…For instance, Galiniak et al (2023) explored biomarkers of nitrosative stress in cystic fibrosis, revealing significant findings in the serum of patients, which underscores the complex interplay between oxidative and nitrosative stress in pulmonary diseases. Another study highlights the critical roles of oxidative stress in pulmonary disease progression, further emphasizing the need for detailed investigations into these mechanisms across a range of conditions ( Pinzaru et al, 2023 ).…”