Oxidative Stress, Diet and Prostate Cancer

Abstract

Prostate cancer has become the second leading cancer in men worldwide. Androgen plays an important role in normal functioning, development, and differentiation of the prostate, and thus is considered to be the most powerful candidate that mediates reactive oxygen species (ROS) balance in the prostate. The elevation of ROS has been associated with the progression and development of this disease. Conventional therapy has shown a high cure rate in patients with localized prostate cancer. Despite the patients respond favorably initially, this therapy fails to response in the advanced stage of the diseases even in the absence of androgens. Indeed, the onset and progression of prostate cancer could be prevented by changing dietary habits. Much information indicates that oxidative stress and prostate cancer can be modulated by dietary components rich in antioxidants. While there is substantial evidence to suggest an association between prostate cancer risk and ROS-mediated oxidative stress; therefore, the interactions and mechanisms of this phenomenon are worth to discuss further. This review aimed to discuss the mechanisms of action of oxidative stress involved in the progression of prostate cancer. We also highlighted how some of the vital dietary components dampen or exacerbate inflammation, oxidative stress, and prostate cancer. Overall, the reported information would provide a useful approach to the prevention of prostate cancer.

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“…Inactivation of antioxidant genes is also implicated in prostate cancer as demonstrated by deregulated Nrf2 [26]. In addition, activated androgen receptor signalling also promotes ROS generation [29]. Therefore, exaggerated ROS and impaired antioxidant defence mechanisms are associated with prostate cancer pathogenesis and increased risk of prostate cancer [29,30].…”

The Etiology and Pathophysiology Genesis of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia and Prostate Cancer: A New Perspective

“…Nutraceuticals supplement: three supplement combinations [231][232][233][234][235][236][237][238][239][240] are necessary to ameliorate the biological processes of endothelial dysfunction (e.g., l-citrulline [241][242][243], l-arginine [244,245]), oxidative stress and inflammation [246]; publications on this topic are extensive and therefore it is not discussed here.…”

Metagenomics studies for the diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer

“…The tissue damage and regeneration caused by infection lead to an elevated amount of reactive nitrogen and oxygen species (RNS and ROS) which are responsible for cancer development as well as high DNA damage. 109,110 The produced ROS in chronic prostatitis is mainly responsible for the induction of stromal and glandular cell proliferation as well as triggering specific kinase enzymes by stimulating NF.κB and TNF-α pathways. Evidence shows that some PC-related genes, such as TLR4, OGG, BRCA2, RNASEL, MSR1, PON1, MIC1, and CHEK2 are involved in host responses to infections, oxidative stresses, and inflammation.…”