Oxidative stress in elderly population: A prevention screening study

Abstract

Aging is characterized by a progressive decline in the efficiency of biochemical and physiological processes, the functional maintenance of tissue homeostasis and an increasing susceptibility to diseases. Aging is a multifactorial process, which is genetically determined and influenced epigenetically by environment. 1 In recent years it has been well known that oxidative stress may play important roles in elderly health and, in particular, there is increasing evidence that aging might be caused by the potential and harmful effects of an accumulation of oxidative damage caused by reactive species (RS, in particular reactive oxygen species or ROS and reactive nitrogen species RNS). This evidence is supported by the "free radical theory of aging" proposed by Harman. 2

Microglia in Aging and Alzheimer’s Disease: A Comparative Species Review

“…Microglia are the primary source of ROS and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), which leads to greater proinflammatory cytokine release, reduced antioxidant defense, and cytotoxic effects in the brain [ 29 ]. The majority of elderly humans develop an oxidative stress condition, characterized by increased circulating levels of peroxides and a slight reduction in antioxidant reserve [ 100 ]. Age-related modifications in microglia-produced oxygen species have been reported in NHP, rodents, and canines.…”

Obesity as a premature aging phenotype — implications for sarcopenic obesity

“…Oxidative stress is the foundation of many pathologies observed in obesity and aging, through its effects to induce vascular dysfunction, disrupt biochemical processes, promote chronic inflammation, and impair mitochondrial function (to name a few) [ 83 , 84 ]. As animals age, the increased incidence of biochemical mishap is a natural consequence of cellular replication [ 85 ]. Aging individuals experience an increase of reactive oxygen species production, which shift the body’s cellular processes toward a toxic environment.…”

Microglia and Astrocytes in Alzheimer’s Disease in the Context of the Aberrant Copper Homeostasis Hypothesis

“…Oxidative stress via Fenton-type chemistry, driving ROS formation, including the highly reactive hydroxyl radical (HO•), is a hallmark of both AD [ 100 ] and normal aging of the human brain [ 101 ]. In fact, Cu dyshomeostasis has been observed in AD and facilitates Aβ oligomer formation and amyloid deposition, which, in turn, provoke oxidative damage by Fenton-type reactions [ 102 ].…”