Oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of metabolic syndrome: which mechanisms are involved?

Avelar, Thalia M. T.; Storch, Amanda Sampaio; Castro, Luana A.; Azevedo, Gabriela V. M. M.; Ferraz, Leda; Lopes, Pedro Faria

doi:10.5935/1676-2444.20150039

Cited by 38 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Levels of HDL-col, well known for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions, are lower in obese adults and children with MetS. Recent studies also link gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) to MetS, given its relation to glutathione metabolism and thus antioxidant defense [ 48 ]. Our group previously described marked differences in oxidative stress biomarkers and antioxidant response between obese children and controls, and even between metabolically healthy and metabolically unhealthy obese children.…”

Section: Obesity Inflammation and Oxidative Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Iron Metabolism in Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome

González-Domínguez

Visiedo-Garcia

Domínguez-Riscart

et al. 2020

IJMS

128

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Obesity is an excessive adipose tissue accumulation that may have detrimental effects on health. Particularly, childhood obesity has become one of the main public health problems in the 21st century, since its prevalence has widely increased in recent years. Childhood obesity is intimately related to the development of several comorbidities such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus, non-congenital cardiovascular disease, chronic inflammation and anemia, among others. Within this tangled interplay between these comorbidities and associated pathological conditions, obesity has been closely linked to important perturbations in iron metabolism. Iron is the second most abundant metal on Earth, but its bioavailability is hampered by its ability to form highly insoluble oxides, with iron deficiency being the most common nutritional disorder. Although every living organism requires iron, it may also cause toxic oxygen damage by generating oxygen free radicals through the Fenton reaction. Thus, iron homeostasis and metabolism must be tightly regulated in humans at every level (i.e., absorption, storage, transport, recycling). Dysregulation of any step involved in iron metabolism may lead to iron deficiencies and, eventually, to the anemic state related to obesity. In this review article, we summarize the existent evidence on the role of the most recently described components of iron metabolism and their alterations in obesity.

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Section: Obesity Inflammation and Oxidative Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Iron Metabolism in Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome

González-Domínguez

Visiedo-Garcia

Domínguez-Riscart

et al. 2020

IJMS

128

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“…In this study, thiol increases illustrates evidence of supplementation with DRLC and also shows the protection this affords against reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress. Gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) determination has been used to assess liver functions [ 37 ]. Aside this, GGT also serves the important role of metabolizing GSH extracellularly thereby resisting GSH intracellular degradation [ 36 , 37 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) determination has been used to assess liver functions [ 37 ]. Aside this, GGT also serves the important role of metabolizing GSH extracellularly thereby resisting GSH intracellular degradation [ 36 , 37 ]. This implies that decrease in hepatic GGT illustrates that GSH degradation is tightly regulated and well controlled by DRLC supplementation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in antioxidants status, atherogenic index and cardiovascular variables after prolonged doses of D-ribose-L-cysteine in male Wistar rats

Ojetola

Adedeji

Fasanmade

2021

Heliyon

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D-ribose-L-cysteine (DRLC) acts as a rate limiting substrate for the synthesis of glutathione (GSH). GSH deficiency has been linked to oxidative stress, hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. There are limited findings on the effects of DRLC in the physiologic state. This study was therefore designed to investigate cardiovascular effects of different doses of DRLC in normal Wistar rats. Fifteen male Wistar rats were assigned into 3 groups (n ¼ 5). Group 1 was administered orally with 10 mg/kg distilled water (Control). Groups 2 and 3 were administered orally with DRLC 125 mg/kg and 250 mg/kg respectively daily for 8 weeks, respectively. Animals were weighed; blood pressure and heart rate measured using rat tail cuff method. They were euthanized, blood collected and organs harvested. Serum C-reactive protein (CRP) was determined through ELISA. Gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT), heart GSH, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), total thiol and lipid profile and were assessed through spectrophotometry. Data were expressed as mean AE SEM and compared by ANOVA at P < 0.05. DRLC 250 significantly increased total thiol, GSH and GPx in heart tissues but decreased GGT, atherogenic index and CRP in normal male Wistar rats compared to DRLC 125 and control. DRLC supplementation in normal male Wistar rats may sustain cardio functions and decrease atherogenicity.

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“…GGT is localized on the surface of the membrane and responsible for the metabolism of extracellular glutathione, promotes hydrolysis and facilitates its reuse for intracellular synthesis. Glutathione is a substrate of glutathione peroxidase and glutathione S-transferase, which play a key role in protecting against oxidative stress and detoxification/metabolism of endogenous and exogenous compounds, including carcinogens and drugs (Avelar et al, 2015). According to numerous studies, GGT is a predictor of many chronic diseases, including metabolic syndrome (Wei et al, 2015), insulin resistance (Ryoo et al, 2014), diabetes mellitus (Sabanayagam et al, 2009), and kidney disease (Torino et al, 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of melatonin on the kidneys of rats with experimental diabetes mellitus type 2

Semenko

Murdasov

Кириченко

et al. 2020

Regul. Mech. Biosyst.

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Diabetes mellitus is characterized by numerous pathological changes in the body. Under conditions of diabetes, hyperglycemic intoxication of the organism rapidly develops, which in turn leads to an increase of oxidative stress with subsequent disturbance of the anatomical and functional integrity of the components of organisms. Today, the search for the substances that would contribute to the multi-vectoral effect on the negative consequences of diabetes is actively being pursued. Melatonin is one of such substances. In this work, we studied the effect of melatonin on oxidative stress markers (oxidized products content, activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase), the concentration of metabolism end products (creatinine and urea), main ions concentration (potassium and chlorine), and protein content (total protein and electropherogram in polyacrylamide gel), enzymatic activity of gamma-glutamyltrasferase in the cytosolic fraction of rat kidneys under condition of type 2 diabetes mellitus (EDM2). Experimental studies were performed on 18 white adult Wistar rats divided into three groups (control, group with EDM2 and group with EDM2, which were treated with melatonin). The increase of concentration of oxidized products, the activity of catalase and gamma-glutamyltrasferase, creatinine, urea, K+ and Cl– and the decrease of concentration of superoxide dismutase in the rats’ kidneys was noted after development of EDM2. The electrophoretic proteinogram of the cytosolic proteins obtained from the rats’ kidneys showed an increase of content of high-molecular-weight and a decrease of low-molecular-weight proteins. Administration of melatonin in a dose of 10 mg/kg of body weight for 7 days after development of EDM2 restored the studied parameters almost to the control group values. Therefore, the influence of melatonin can prevent chronic development of oxidative stress in kidneys under hyperglycemic intoxication, and lead to normalization of kidney function and the restoration of homeostasis.

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Oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of metabolic syndrome: which mechanisms are involved?

Cited by 38 publications

References 43 publications

Iron Metabolism in Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome

Iron Metabolism in Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome

Changes in antioxidants status, atherogenic index and cardiovascular variables after prolonged doses of D-ribose-L-cysteine in male Wistar rats

Influence of melatonin on the kidneys of rats with experimental diabetes mellitus type 2

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