Oxidative stress markers in neonatal respiratory distress syndrome: advanced oxidation protein products and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine in relation to disease severity

Abstract

We assessed oxidant-antioxidant status and evaluated the role of lipid peroxidation, oxidative DNA damage, and protein oxidation in the development and severity of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). METHODS: Forty preterm neonates with RDS were compared with another 40 preterm neonates without RDS enrolled as controls. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdehyde (MDA), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs), 8-hydroxy-2deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), and trace elements (copper and zinc) were measured in cord blood (day 0) for all neonates and repeated on day 3 for the RDS group. RESULTS: Day 0 serum levels of MDA, AOPPs, and 8-OHdG were significantly higher in neonates with RDS than controls with a further increase on day 3. Days 0 and 3 levels of TAC, copper, and zinc were significantly lower in the RDS group compared with controls. Elevated serum levels of 8-OHdG and AOPPs were associated with severe RDS, invasive mechanical ventilation, and high mortality rate. 8-OHdG and AOPPs were positively correlated with MDA, oxygenation index, duration of ventilation, and duration of hospitalization. CONCLUSIONS: Increased lipid, protein, and DNA oxidation is accompanied by alterations in the antioxidant defense status, which may play a role in the pathogenesis and severity of RDS.

Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress for Neonatal Lung Disease

“…The role of OS in neonatal lung injury has been confirmed in a study showing a significant increase of MDA and H 2 O 2 plasma levels ( p < 0.005) in preterms with RDS (mean GA 31.2 ± 3.2 weeks) in comparison with healthy controls ( 36 ). Recently, Elkabany et al ( 37 ) demonstrated that serum birth levels of MDA, AOPPs, and 8-OHdG were significantly higher ( p = 0.031, p < 0.001, p < 0.001, respectively) in newborns with RDS than controls, with a further increase after 3 days ( p < 0.001). Of note, day 0 levels of 8-OHdG and AOPPs were significant independent variables related to RDS severity ( p = 0.008 and p = 0.006, respectively) ( 37 ).…”

“…Recently, Elkabany et al ( 37 ) demonstrated that serum birth levels of MDA, AOPPs, and 8-OHdG were significantly higher ( p = 0.031, p < 0.001, p < 0.001, respectively) in newborns with RDS than controls, with a further increase after 3 days ( p < 0.001). Of note, day 0 levels of 8-OHdG and AOPPs were significant independent variables related to RDS severity ( p = 0.008 and p = 0.006, respectively) ( 37 ).…”

Oxidative Stress in Preterm Newborns

“…The role of OS has been reported also in preterms affected by RDS: plasma levels of MDA, protein carbonyls, AOPPs, 8-OHdG, H 2 O 2 , and oxidant/antioxidant ratio, calculated as protein carbonyls/(superoxide dismutase + glutathione peroxidase), showed a significant increase in neonatal RDS compared to healthy preterm controls [ 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 ], furtherly augmented after three days of life [ 67 ]. In a recent study, it has been reported that OS biomarker levels correlated with the severity of RDS: AOPPs and 8-OHdG levels on day-0 and day-3 were significantly augmented in neonates with RDS grades III and IV compared with RDS grade II preterms [ 46 ].…”

A Retinoic Acid Receptorβ2Agonist Improves Cardiac Function in a Heart Failure Model

“…oxidative stress (Ho et al, 2013;Elkabany et al, 2020) in left ventricles obtained after having euthanized the mice, 4 weeks after surgery. We found that MDA, measured by a lipid peroxidation assay, increased by ~70% and that AC261066 treatment reduced MDA levels by ~60% (Fig.…”