Oxidative study of patients with total body irradiation: effects of amifostine treatment

Abstract

Summary:In patients undergoing bone marrow transplant (BMT), reactive oxygen species (ROS) are released as a consequence of the events related to the preparative regimen. Total body irradiation (TBI), which is known to generate ROS, is a routine preconditioning procedure prior to BMT. Several studies have demonstrated that amifostine protects normal tissues. In the present report, we investigated the oxidative state of plasma and erythrocytes in 21 patients with hematological malignancies undergoing TBI. The dose fraction was 160 cGy, twice daily (eight sessions). For ROS detection, we used electron spin resonance spectroscopy and spin-trapping technique. In all, 15 patients received amifostine prior to the irradiation and six did not. No free radical signal was detected in the plasma samples spectrum of 15 amifostinetreated patients, and five of six samples of nontreated patients showed ROS signal. Only two of 15 treated patients had mucositis degree higher than 2, whereas five of six nontreated patients suffered this complication. The average hospitalization days in treated and nontreated patients were 23.5 and 29.7, respectively. This work represents an original observation; we found by direct measurements of free radicals that ROS are released during TBI, and confirmed the amifostine radical scavenger activity.

Complementary and Alternative Medicine Use in Radiotherapy: What Are Patients Using?

“…Antioxidants act as free-radical scavengers in vivo, muting the cytocidal effect of radiation in free-radical creation. There is evidence that administered antioxidants such as amifostine, 11 albana, 12 carnitine, 13 and Ginkgo biloba, 14 are radioprotective. A study on the effect of combining vitamin E and radiotherapy in mice showed a reduced radiosensitivity in the tumor cells.…”

Biomarkers for Oxidative Stress: Clinical Application in Pediatric Medicine

“…Schock et al [122] reported levels of antioxidant vitamins (α-tocopherol, ascorbate), urate, and protein carbonyls in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of 83 healthy children (age range, 1.6-12.0 years). Nutritional: hyperlipidemia [42], kwashiorkor [16,111], obesity [83,103] Pharmacologic/Therapeutic: analgesics [120], anticancer drugs [117][118][119][120][121], immunosuppressive drugs [116], total body irradiation [71] Renal: glomerulonephritis [109], nephrotic syndrome [25], renal insufficiency/failure [22, 109,113], urinary tract infection [109] Respiratory: chronic pulmonary disease [115], cystic fibrosis [65,67] *The authors' works.…”

“…reported therapeutic antioxidant strategies include the following: corticosteroids for bronchial asthma [40] and bacterial meningitis [34]; L-arginine for endothelial dysfunction in cardiac transplantation [64]; angiotensinconverting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II type-1 receptor antagonists for endothelial dysfunction in diabetes mellitus [7,95]; melatonin for neonatal asphyxia [20] and for epilepsy [76]; folinic acid, betaine and methylcobalamin for autism [66]; tocopherols and ubiquinol/ubiquinone for Friedreich ataxia [90]; selenium for skeletal muscle disorder in selenium deficiency [59]; tocopherols and ascorbate for endothelial dysfunction in hyperlipidemia [42]; glutathione and α-lipoic acid for kwashiorkor [111]; amifostine for total body irradiation [71] and for anticancer drug use [121]; tocopherols, carotenoids and ascorbate for immunosuppressive drug use (cyclosporine A, tacrolimus) [116]; and ubiquinol/ubiquinone for anthracycline use [117].…”

Oxidative Lipidomics of γ-Radiation-Induced Lung Injury: Mass Spectrometric Characterization of Cardiolipin and Phosphatidylserine Peroxidation

“…At high doses, lipid peroxidation has been observed in irradiated model systems, including cells in vitro (3-6). In addition, increased levels of the secondary lipid peroxidation products thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) and 4-hydroxynonenal were reported in animal models (1, 6, 7) and in patients after total-body irradiation (TBI) (8). While peroxidation of phospholipids yields a large variety of primary and secondary oxygenated and decomposition products (9, 10), the process proceeds via the initial formation of phospholipid hydroperoxides, the most representative primary molecular peroxidation products (11).…”