Oxidatively damaged DNA in the nasal epithelium of workers occupationally exposed to silica dust in Tuscany region, Italy

Peluso, Marco; Munnia, Armelle; Giese, Roger W.; Chellini, Elisabetta; Ceppi, Marcello; Capacci, Fabio

doi:10.1093/mutage/gev014

Cited by 31 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…48 Nasal epithelia is commonly represented by 75% of columnar surface epithelium, 14% of other epithelial cells, 11% of neutrophils, 0.07% of eosinophils and 0.2% lymphocytes. Apart from the potential value of the nasal epithelial cells for the prediction of cancer risk of the respiratory tract, 16,27 the use of nasal epithelia may allow mechanistic studies of various carcinogens, including those contained in tobacco smoke, 16,39 industrial air pollution, [20][21][22]28 and hair-dyeing. 49 Additionally, the patterns of Phase I enzymes that have an important role in the production of ROS during the metabolism of a number of carcinogens 50 are qualitatively different in the respiratory tract than in other tissues.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…23 Higher specificity of the 32 P-labeling technique is obtained using appropriated reference standards, 40,41,45 thus, co-chromatography was utilized to confirm the identity of adduct spots detected in the study population, as previously described. 20 …”

Section: Nasal Brushingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…13,14 DNA mutations, as well as altered patterns of DNA methylation are important hallmarks in carcinogenesis, and clinical studies indeed showed that enhanced levels of M 1 dG adducts may be linked to cancer development and tumor progression. [15][16][17][18][19] Exocyclic M 1 dG adducts reflect also the extent of various carcinogen exposures, [20][21][22] including FA in pathology wards. 23 In particular, we have found that working in the reduction rooms and being exposed to FA at levels greater than 66 μg m −3 was associated with increased generation of M 1 dG adducts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our approach consisted of conducting a crosssectional study aimed to compare the frequency of M 1 dG adducts, a biomarker of oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation, [21][22][23][24][25] in the nasal epithelia of FA workers with respect to controls. DNA damage measurement analyzing exfoliated nasal epithelial cells is considered a promising approach for the detection of genotoxic compounds in the occupational setting, 16,20,21,[26][27][28] because these cells may be obtained easily by nasal brushing, a minimal invasive method. 16 M 1 dG adducts have been examined in the nasal epithelial cells using the 32 P-DNA post-labeling technique, 25,[29][30][31][32] whereas the indoor levels of FA have been measured by using passive personal air samplers using the gas-chromatography mass-spectrometry (GC-MS) technique.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Formaldehyde-induced toxicity in the nasal epithelia of workers of a plastic laminate plant

et al. 2016

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Formaldehyde is a ubiquitous volatile organic compound widely used for various industrial purposes. Formaldehyde was reclassified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer as a human carcinogen, based on sufficient evidence for a casual role for nasopharyngeal cancer. However, the mechanisms by which this compound causes nasopharyngeal cancer are not completely understood. Therefore, we have examined the formaldehyde-induced toxicity in the nasal epithelia of the workers of a plastic laminate plant in Bra, Cuneo, Piedmont region, North-Western Italy, hence in the target site for formaldehyderelated nasal carcinogenesis. We have conducted a cross-sectional study aimed at comparing the frequency of 3-(2-deoxy-β-D-erythro-pentafuranosyl)pyrimido[1,2-α]purin-10(3H)-one deoxyguanosine (M 1 dG) adducts, a biomarker of oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation, in 50 male exposed workers and 45 male controls using 32 P-DNA post-labeling. The personal levels of formaldehyde exposure were analysed by gas-chromatography mass-spectrometry. The smoking status was estimated by measuring the concentrations of urinary cotinine by gas-chromatography mass-spectrometry. The air monitoring results showed that the exposure levels of formaldehyde were significantly greater for the plastic laminate plant workers, 211.4 ± 14.8 standard error (SE) µg m −3 , than controls, 35.2 ± 3.4 (SE) µg m −3 , P < 0.001. The levels of urinary cotinine were 1064 ± 118 ng ml −1 and 14.18 ± 2.5 ng ml −1 in smokers and non-smokers, respectively, P < 0.001. The M 1 dG adduct frequency per 10 8 normal nucleotides was significantly higher among the workers of the plastic laminate plant exposed to formaldehyde, 111.6 ± 14.3 (SE), compared to controls, 49.6 ± 3.4 (SE), P < 0.001. This significant association persisted also when personal dosimeters were used to measure the extent of indoor levels of formaldehyde exposure. No influences of smoking and age were observed across the study population. However, after categorization for occupational exposure, a significant effect was found in the controls, P = 0.018, where the levels of DNA damage were significantly correlated with the levels of urinary cotinine, regression coefficient (β) = 0.494 ± 0.000 (SE), P < 0.002. Our findings indicated that M 1 dG adducts constitute a potential mechanism of formaldehydeinduced toxicity. Persistent DNA damage contributes to the general decline of the physiological mechanisms designed to maintain cellular homeostasis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Nasal Brushingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Formaldehyde-induced toxicity in the nasal epithelia of workers of a plastic laminate plant

et al. 2016

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“…[7] Silicosis can be considered as a chronic inflammation in which activated immune cells secrete toxins, causing damage to the lung tissue and development of the lung cancer. [89] Therefore, continuous monitoring of the early manifestations of exposure to silica appeared in workers may provide valuable information about worker's health status, resulting in the prevention of disease progression.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of serum and urinary neopterin levels as a biomarker for occupational exposure to crystalline silica

Mohammadi

Golbabaei

et al. 2016

Ann Med Health Sci Res

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Background:Crystalline silica is a commonly used mineral in various industries and construction activities, and it is so important introducing potential biomarkers to identify early indicators of biological effects in its high-risk occupational exposures.Aim:The present study was aimed to assess the blood and urinary neopterin as an early biomarker of exposure in the workers of an insulator manufacturing plant who are exposed to crystalline silica.Subjects and Methods:This analytical descriptive study was done among two groups of exposed workers (n = 55) and unexposed office workers (n = 38) of an insulator manufacturing plant. Statistical software R was used to determine sample size and select the participants by random sampling among nonsmoker workers. Sampling of airborne silica in breathing zone of participants was done based on the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health method 7601. The urinary and blood samples were collected and prepared for analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography to determine the level of urinary and serum neopterin. All of the statistical analyses were carried out using SPSS 22.Results:The airborne silica concentration was significantly different between two exposed and unexposed groups (P < 0.001, 0.27 [0.11] vs. 0.0028 [0.0006] mg/m3, respectively). The urinary neopterin in exposed group is significantly higher than the unexposed one (P < 0.001, 97.67 [30.24] vs. 55.52 [2.18] μmol/mol creatinine, respectively). Neopterin level of serum in exposed group is higher than the unexposed group, and there is a significant difference between them (P < 0.001, 6.90 [2.70] vs. 2.20 [1.20] nmol/l, respectively). The positive significant correlations were found between silica exposure concentration with urinary and serum neopterin (P < 0.001, r = 0.36 and 0.59, respectively).Conclusions:Considering the sensitively and easily measurement of neopterin in biological fluid and also the statistically significant positive relationships which were found between the airborne silica concentration and neopterin levels in the present study, the serum and urinary neopterin levels can be considered the potential biomarkers of silica exposure for doing further comprehensive studies in this area.

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Occupational exposure to crystalline silica and peripheral biomarkers: An update

Peruzzi

Brucker

Bubols

et al. 2021

J of Applied Toxicology

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Peripheral biomarkers are important tools for detecting occupational exposures to prevent the onset and/or progression of diseases. Studies that reveal early peripheral biomarkers are highly important to preserve the health of workers and can potentially contribute to diagnosing and/or prognosing occupational pathologies. Exposure to crystalline silica is a problem in several workplaces because it increases the risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), tuberculosis, cancer, and pulmonary fibrosis, clinically defined as silicosis. Silicosis is diagnosed by chest radiography and/or lung tomography in advanced stages when there is a severe loss of lung function. Peripheral biomarkers can help in diagnosing early changes prior to silicosis and represent a highly important technical‐scientific advance that is minimally invasive. This review aimed to investigate the biomarkers studied for evaluating occupational exposure to crystalline silica and to understand the recent advances in this area. Potential oxidative, inflammatory, and immunological biomarkers were reviewed, as well as routine biomarkers such as biochemical parameters. It was found that biomarkers of effect such as serum CC16 and l‐selectin levels could represent promising alternatives. Additionally, studies have shown that neopterin levels in urine and serum can be used to monitor worker exposure. However, further studies are needed that include a greater number of participants, different times of exposure to crystalline silica, and a combination of silicosis patients and healthy volunteers. Evaluating the concentration of crystalline silica in occupational environments, its impact on biomarkers of effect, and alterations in lung function could contribute to revealing early health alterations in workers in a more robust manner.

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Oxidatively damaged DNA in the nasal epithelium of workers occupationally exposed to silica dust in Tuscany region, Italy

Cited by 31 publications

References 44 publications

Formaldehyde-induced toxicity in the nasal epithelia of workers of a plastic laminate plant

Formaldehyde-induced toxicity in the nasal epithelia of workers of a plastic laminate plant

Evaluation of serum and urinary neopterin levels as a biomarker for occupational exposure to crystalline silica

Occupational exposure to crystalline silica and peripheral biomarkers: An update

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