Oxide multilayer thermoelectric generators

Töpfer, J.; Reimann, Timmy; Schulz, T.; Bochmann, A.; Capraro, Beate; Barth, S.; Vogel, Andy; Teichert, S.

doi:10.1111/ijac.12822

Cited by 10 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The monolithic structure, which is assembled via direct connection of the isolating layers, p-type legs, and n-type legs without electrodes and pastes, was first demonstrated by employing ceramic TE materials to accommodate the high-temperature situation. − Subsequently, another novel transversal counterpart was developed to try and separate the thermal and electrical contacts. , Nevertheless, the materials used in these devices were mainly oxidized ceramics, which are relatively inferior in terms of TE properties. Chalcogenide TE materials − increasingly draw attention to TEG applications due to their intrinsically low κ, even though their ionic conduction in the high-temperature phase transition has prevented us from using them in TE applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced Performance of Monolithic Chalcogenide Thermoelectric Modules for Energy Harvesting via Co-optimization of Experiment and Simulation

Lai

Singh

Peng

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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With the development of application of wireless sensor nodes (WSNs), the need for energy harvesting is rapidly increasing. In this study, we designed and fabricated a robust monolithic thermoelectric generator (TEG) using a simple, low-energy, and low-cost device fabrication process. Our monolithic device consists of Ag2S0.2Se0.8 and Bi0.5Sb1.5Te3 as n-type and p-type legs, respectively, while the empty space between the legs was filled with highly dense, flexible, and thin Ag2S that serves as both an insulating spacer and a shock absorber, which potentially augments the robustness of preventing from damage from an external mechanical force. From the optimization of the device structure via finite element method (FEM) simulations, a three-pair device with dimensions of 12 mm × 10 mm × 10 mm was found to have a theoretical maximum power density of 8.2 mW cm–2 at a ΔT of 50 K. For considering this inevitable contact resistance, experimental measurement and FEM simulation were combined for quantifying the junction resistance; a power density of 2.1 mW cm–2 was established with the consideration of the contact resistance at the p–n junctions. Using these optimized structural parameters, a device was fabricated and was found to have a maximum power density of 2.02 mW cm–2 at a ΔT of 50 K, which is in good agreement with our simulations. The results from our monolithic TEG show that despite the simple, low-energy, and low-cost device fabrication process, the power generation is still comparable to other reported TEGs. It is worth mentioning that our design could be extended to other chalcogenide materials of appropriate temperature regions and/or better zT. Besides, the quantification of contact resistance also exhibited reference value for the enhancement of thermoelectric conversion application. These results provide a convenient, economic, and efficient strategy for waste energy harvesting close to room temperature, which can broaden the applications of waste heat harvesting.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced Performance of Monolithic Chalcogenide Thermoelectric Modules for Energy Harvesting via Co-optimization of Experiment and Simulation

Lai

Singh

Peng

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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“…First prototypes successfully powered sensor systems. 2,3 Multilayer generators were fabricated from cuprates 1,4 and SrTiO 3 . 2 At present, promising high-temperature oxidation-resistant thermoelectrics are calcium cobaltite Ca 3 Co 4 O 9 as a p-type material and calcium manganate CaMnO 3 as an ntype material.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the insulation layer, which separates the p-and ntype thermoelectric oxide, this means a high resistivity, a sintering temperature in the range of the thermoelectric oxides, and an α in between the p-and the n-type material to minimize thermal stresses. In literature, different material classes like ceramics, 2 glasses, 4 and glassbonded ceramics 1 were used as insulation material for multilayer generators. Ceramics have a defined α and sintering temperature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…10 Computer programs like SciGlass provide the possibility to calculate and predict the influence of composition on properties. A not further described glass system was used by Töpfer et al 4 for cosintering doped La 2 CuO 4 and doped Nd 2 CuO 4 . The sintering curve of ceramics with suited thermal expansion coefficients can be tuned by adding 3-20 vol.% glass (glassbonded ceramics).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Glass‐ceramic composites as insulation material for thermoelectric oxide multilayer generators

et al. 2021

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Thermoelectric generators can be used as energy harvesters for sensor applications. Adapting the ceramic multilayer technology, their production can be highly automated. In such multilayer thermoelectric generators, the electrical insulation material, which separates the thermoelectric legs, is crucial for the performance of the device. The insulation material should be adapted to the thermoelectric regarding its averaged coefficient of thermal expansion α and its sintering temperature while maintaining a high resistivity. In this study, starting from theoretical calculations, a glass-ceramic composite material adapted for multilayer generators from calcium manganate and calcium cobaltite is developed. The material is optimized towards an α of 11 × 10 −6 K −1 (20-500 • C), a sintering temperature of 900 • C, and a high resistivity up to 800 • C. Calculated and measured α are in good agreement. The chosen glass-ceramic composite with 45 vol.% quartz has a resistivity of 1 × 10 7 Ωcm and an open porosity of <3%. Sintered multilayer samples from tape-cast thermoelectric oxides and screen-printed insulation show only small reaction layers. It can be concluded that glass-ceramic composites are a well-suited material class for insulation layers as their physical properties can be tuned by varying glass composition or dispersion phases.

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“…There are many other examples of multilayer electroceramic components and devices. These applications range from capacitors, varistors, positive temperature coefficient resistors (PTCR), negative temperature coefficient (NTC) thermistors, inductors, piezoelectric transformers, actuators, electrocaloric cooling systems, Li batteries, chemical sensors, microwave filters, antennas, electronic packages, thermoelectrics, and oxygen and planar solid oxide fuel cells. − Table summarizes the variety of basic materials and the metals that are used in the multilayers. In all these applications, the metallization function is to provide an embedded conductive pathway on a layer to control/sense the electrical potential around a nonmetal electroceramic material.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Opportunities in Metallization Integration in Cofired Electroceramic Multilayers by the Cold Sintering Process

Beauvoir

Dursun

Gao

et al. 2019

ACS Appl. Electron. Mater.

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Metallization with high conductivities is critical in the design of high performance multilayer electroceramic devices. Cold sintering offers exciting new opportunities in the integration of different material classes; here we explore novel metal chemistries and demonstrate their integration into ceramic multilayers. The processing is enabled due to the cosintering of both the ceramic and metal powders in fast times and at extremely low sintering temperatures. Metal powders are printed as pastes and formed into multilayers that can be cosintered with the ceramic ZnO; these specific metals include Cu, Fe, and Al. The multilayer structures are assembled and fabricated under a thick film process and enabled by using a polypropylene carbonate binder system that can be removed at low temperatures under N 2 −H 2 forming gas, permitting control of oxidation of the Cu, Fe, and Al. As a result, extremely high conductivity electrodes are fabricated and quantified through the equivalent series resistance (ESR). In addition, new electrode composite concepts, such as mixed particles of Fe−Cu cosintered in between the ZnO layers, are possible with the cold sintering process.

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Oxide multilayer thermoelectric generators

Cited by 10 publications

References 12 publications

Enhanced Performance of Monolithic Chalcogenide Thermoelectric Modules for Energy Harvesting via Co-optimization of Experiment and Simulation

Enhanced Performance of Monolithic Chalcogenide Thermoelectric Modules for Energy Harvesting via Co-optimization of Experiment and Simulation

Glass‐ceramic composites as insulation material for thermoelectric oxide multilayer generators

New Opportunities in Metallization Integration in Cofired Electroceramic Multilayers by the Cold Sintering Process

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